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Various contributors, including Robert Metcalfe (Ethernet) and Vinton Cerf and Bob Kahn (TCP/IP).Ethernet Version 1.0 was demonstrated in 1973, followed by its standardization as IEEE 802.3 in 1983. Ethernet and TCP/IP protocols, developed and standardized in the 1980s, played vital roles in networking and the internet's growth. Ethernet became the dominant technology for LANs, while TCP/IP connected disparate networks, facilitating the World Wide Web and modern internet.
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Developed by IBM Corporation. Introduced in 1981, the IBM Personal Computer (PC) set the standard for modern personal computers. It had an open architecture and compatibility with third-party hardware and software, making it versatile and customizable. This innovation brought personal computing into homes and businesses, revolutionizing work and communication -
Jointly developed by Philips and Sony. The CD-ROM, introduced in the early 1980s, revolutionized data storage and distribution by allowing large data storage on compact discs. It enabled multimedia software, educational content, and music distribution, transforming digital information access. -
Developed by Apple Inc.(led by Steve Jobs and his team). The Apple Macintosh, launched in 1984, introduced a groundbreaking graphical user interface (GUI) and a mouse to the mass market. It made computers more user-friendly and accessible, shaping the way we interact with technology. -
Developed by Microsoft Corporation (led by Bill Gates). Microsoft Windows 1.0, released in 1985, was the first graphical operating system for IBM-compatible PCs. It introduced a windowed GUI, icons, and a mouse-driven interface, enhancing user interaction and influencing future computing.