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Brown V. Board of Education
The United States Supreme Court held that the racially segregated schools, made legal by Plessy v. Ferguson, violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Although the decision did not succeed in fully desegregating schools in the United States, it advanced the Civil Rights Movement.
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The Geneva Accords
Signed by France and Vietnam, the Geneva Peace Accords reflected the strains of the international cold war. It created a temporary boundary between North and South Vietnam at the 17th parallel.
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Emmett Till Murdered
Fifteen year-old Emmett Till was mutilated and murdered in Money, Mississippi. Roy Bryant claimed that Till had assaulted his wife, and the next day he was missing. His body was found in the Tallahatchie River, just north of Money.
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Rosa Parks Arrested
Rosa Parks, a 42 year-old African American woman boarded the Montgomery City bus to go home from work. She sat near the middle of the bus , but when all the seats seemed to be filled she was forced to give up her seat to a white man. When she refused, she was arrested and convicted of violating the Jim Crow Laws.
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
Boycotters emptied the buses and assembled at the Holt Street Baptist Church where they voted to keep the protest going. A main speaker was 26 year-old Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr.
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Eisenhower Seeks Reelection
On February 29, 1956, Dwight D. Eisenhower announced that he would seek reelection. However, in September 1955 he suffered a major heart attack and was unsure whether he should run again or not.
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Eisenhower Sends Troops to Little Rock High School, Arkansas
As desegregation of schools began, Eisenhower sent troops to Little Rock High School to protect a group of African American students from angry crowds.
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First Televised Presidential Debate
Vice President Richard Nixon and Senator John F. Kennedy met in Chicago to debate the issues of their presidential campaign. Never before had there been a presidential debate.
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Peace Corps Established
On September 22, 1961 Congress approved the order by John F. Kennedy for the Peace Corps to be establsihed.
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Cuban Missile Crisis Resolved
After thirteen days, the Cuban Missile Crisis was resolved. The United States pledged not to invade Cuba if the Russians removed their missiles from Cuba.
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Birmingham Civil Rights Protests
Martin Luther King, Jr. led a Civil Rights march in Birmingham, Alabama. Eugene Connor ordered the police to use fire hoses and even dogs on the demonstrators. Americans, watching the ordeal on television, became more accepting of the Civil Rights Movement.
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March on Washington
About 250,000 protestors descended upon the nation's capital to participate in the March on Washington to show their support for the Civil Rights Movement. The Lincoln Monument was where Martin Luther King, Jr. gave his "I Have A Dream" speech.
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John F. Kennedy is Assassinated
John F. Kennedy was shot and murdered just after his first thousand days in office by an assassin as his motorcade wound through Dallas, Texas. He was the youngest man elected president and the youngest to die.
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Johnson Sworn in as President
When John F. Kennedy was assassinated, Lyndon B. Johnson was sworn in as president.
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Johnson Signs the Civil Rights Act of 1964
On July 2, 1964 President Johnson signed the bill into law. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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Gulf of Tonkin Incident
On August 2, 1964 North Vietnamese torpedo patrol boats attacked the Maddox. This led to the escalation of United States involvement in Vietnam.
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Johnson Signs the Wilderness Act
After eight years and 66 revisions, Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Wilderness Act into law on September 3, 1964. It created a way for Congress to protect wildlands by designating them as protected wilderness.
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Malcolm X is Assassinated
On February 21, 1965 Malcolm X, Black activist and leader, began to address an audience of a group he founded when three men rushed the stage carrying pistols and a sawed-off shotgun and assassinated him.
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First Attack of Operation Rolling Thunder
By March of 1965, the Americans had "Operation Rolling Thunder" in full effect. One hundred U.S. Air Force and Republic of Vietnam Air Force planes struck the Xom Bang ammunition dump 100 miles southeast of Hanoi.
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Johnson Signs the Voting Rights Act of 1965
African Americans in the South faced tremendous obstacles to voting including poll taxes and literacy tests. As a result, very few African Americans were registered voters.
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Tet Offensive Begins
About 70,000 North Vietnamese and Viet Cong forces launched the Tet Offensive, a coordinated series of attacks on more than 100 cities and towns in South Vietnam.
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Johnson Announces He Won't Run for a Second Term
Lyndon B. Johnson startled the world by withdrawing as a candidate for reelection so that he could devote his full efforts to the quest for peace.
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Robert Kennedy is Assassinated
In the Ambassador Hotel, Robert F. Kennedy was assailed by Palestinian Sirhan Sirhan firing a .22 pistol. Kennedy was shot multiple times and five others were wounded by gunfire.
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Richard Nixon Takes Office
Richard M. Nixon takes office with reconciliation as his first goal.
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Vietnamization
Nixon outlined his idea of "Vietnamization" which meant that America would withdraw its troops from Vietnam and allow South Vietnam to take over the war effort.
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KSU Killings
On May 4, 1970 members of the Ohio National Guard fired into a crowd of Kent State University demonstrators, killing four and wounding nine.
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Watergate Scandal
Five men were arrested for breaking into the Watergate hotel and office complex. It turns out they had connections to the president and were trying to bug the Democratic party's headquarters.
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Richard Nixon Resigns
On August 8, 1974, following the Watergate Scandal, Richard M. Nixon announced that he would resign and begin "that process of healing which is so desperately needed in America."
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Gerald R. Ford Takes the Oath of Office
Gerald R. Ford had been the first Vice President chosen under the terms of the Twenty-fifth Amendment and was succeeding the first President ever to resign.
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South Vietnamese Surrender
After the march on Saigon, South Vietnam surrenders to the North on April 30, 1975.
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