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A 1712 slave rebellion in New York City resulted in the deaths of nine white colonists.
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In 1715, the Yamasee, Carolina’s closest allies and most lucrative trading partners, turned against the colony and nearly destroyed it entirely.
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Benjamin Franklin arrives in Phli in 1723
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Between 1725 and 1775, slavery became increasingly significant in the northern colonies as urban residents sought greater participation in the maritime economy.
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Walking Purchase of 1737. Native Delaware leaders agreed to sell Pennsylvania all of the land that a man could walk in a day and a half, a common measurement used by Delawares in evaluating distances.
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Stono Rebellion in September 1739
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Newport, Rhode Island, alone had at least 150 ships active in the trade by 1740
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Paper money tended to lose value quicker than coins and was often counterfeited. These problems, as well as British merchants’ reluctance to accept depreciated paper notes, caused the Board of Trade to restrict the uses of paper money in the Currency Acts of 1751 and 1763.
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The feud turned bloody in 1754 when a force of British colonists and Native American allies, led by young George Washington, killed a French diplomat.
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Fort William Henry in 1757, French Victory
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The French defeated Britain’s German allies and forced them to surrender after the Battle of Hastenbeck in 1757.
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The large French port and fortress of Louisbourg, in present-day Nova Scotia, fell to the British in 1758.
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King George III took the crown in 1760 and brought Tories into his government after three decades of Whig rule.
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War with Indians, specially the Ottawa.
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Paper money tended to lose value quicker than coins and was often counterfeited. These problems, as well as British merchants’ reluctance to accept depreciated paper notes, caused the Board of Trade to restrict the uses of paper money in the Currency Acts of 1751 and 1763.
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The Seven Years’ War ended with the peace treaties of Paris and Hubertusburg in 1763
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Pontiac and three hundred warriors sought to take Fort Detroit by surprise in May 1763, but the plan was foiled, resulting in a six-month siege of the British fort.
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The Royal Proclamation of 1763 was Britain’s first major postwar imperial action targeting North America.
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The Sugar Act sought to combat widespread smuggling of molasses in New England by cutting the duty in half but increasing enforcement.
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Different taxation schemes implemented across the colonies between 1763 and 1774 placed duties on items like tea, paper, molasses, and stamps for almost every kind of document.
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In March 1765, Parliament passed the Stamp Act. The act required that many documents be printed on paper that had been stamped to show the duty had been paid, including newspapers, pamphlets, diplomas, legal documents, and even playing cards.
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The most famous of the anti-Stamp Act resolutions were the Virginia Resolves, passed by the House of Burgesses on May 30, 1765
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Pontiac’s War lasted until 1766. Native American warriors attacked British forts and frontier settlements, killing as many as four hundred soldiers and two thousand settlers.34 Disease and a shortage of supplies ultimately undermined the war effort, and in July 1766 Pontiac met with British official and diplomat William Johnson at Fort Ontario and settled for peace.
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Groups calling themselves the Sons of Liberty were formed in most colonies to direct and organize further resistance.
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Pressure on Parliament grew until, in February 1766, it repealed the Stamp Act.
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So Britain’s next attempt to draw revenues from the colonies, the Townshend Acts, were passed in June 1767, creating new customs duties on common items, like lead, glass, paint, and tea, instead of direct taxes.
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Resistance again led to repeal. In March 1770, Parliament repealed all of the new duties except the one on tea
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On the evening of March 5, 1770, a crowd gathered outside the Custom House and began hurling insults, snowballs, and perhaps more at the young sentry. When a small number of soldiers came to the sentry’s aid, the crowd grew increasingly hostile until the soldiers fired. After the smoke cleared, five Bostonians were dead, including one of the ringleaders, Crispus Attucks, a formerly enslaved man turned free dockworker.
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The Tea Act stipulated that the duty had to be paid when the ship unloaded. Newspaper essays and letters throughout the summer of 1773 in the major port cities debated what to do upon the ships’ arrival.
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Various Tea Parties were organized throughout 1774
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The First Continental Congress convened on September 5, 1774.
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On April 19, 1775, British regiments set out to seize local militias’ arms and powder stores in Lexington and Concord. The town militia met them at the Lexington Green. The British ordered the militia to disperse when someone fired, setting off a volley from the British.
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he Congress approved the document on July 4, 1776. However, it was one thing to declare independence; it was quite another to win it on the battlefield.
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The Continental Army defeated Burgoyne’s men at Saratoga, New York.This victory proved a major turning point in the war.
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Howe had taken Philadelphia in 1777
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Perhaps the most important immediate consequence of declaring independence was the creation of state constitutions in 1776 and 1777.
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A Treaty of Amity and Commerce was signed on February 6, 1778. The treaty effectively turned a colonial rebellion into a global war as fighting between the British and French soon broke out in Europe and India.
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Continental Congress ratified the Articles of Confederation in 1781
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Peace negotiations took place in France, and the war came to an official end on September 3, 1783.
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On July 2, 1788, Congress announced that a majority of states had ratified the Constitution and that the document was now in effect.
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George Washington takes office
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Haitian Revolution (1791–1804)
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