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    Franco-Prussian War

    Led to the unification of Germany and the emergence of a new European power. It also had a significant impact on European geopolitics, as it altered the balance of power on the continent.
  • Second European Concert

    Second European Concert

    Was an agreement among the major European powers to maintain the balance of power on the continent. This agreement helped prevent major conflicts for several decades.
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    Congress of Berlin

    Was an international conference aimed at resolving territorial disputes among European powers. The congress had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it established new borders and changed the balance of power on the continent.
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    Austro-Hungarian campaign of occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina

    Led to the annexation of the territory by the Austro-Hungarian Empire. This had a significant impact on European geopolitics, as it altered the balance of power in the region.
  • Dual Alliance

    Dual Alliance

    Was a military agreement between Germany and Austria-Hungary. This agreement had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it established an important alliance between two military powers.
  • Triple Alliance

    Triple Alliance

    Was a military agreement between Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. This agreement had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it established an important alliance between three military powers.
  • Franco-Russian Alliance

    Franco-Russian Alliance

    Was a military agreement between France and Russia. This agreement had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it established an important alliance between two military powers.
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    Anglo-German naval arms race

    Was a competition between Great Britain and Germany for control of the sea. This arms race had a significant impact on European geopolitics, as it increased tensions between the two powers.
  • Entente Cordiale

    Entente Cordiale

    Was an agreement between Great Britain and France to resolve their colonial disputes. This agreement had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it established an important alliance between two colonial powers.
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    Russo-Japanese War

    Was a military conflict between Russia and Japan for control of Korea and Manchuria. This war had a significant impact on Asian geopolitics as it altered the balance of power in the region.
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    First Moroccan Crisis

    Was a diplomatic dispute between France and Germany over control of Morocco. This crisis had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it increased tensions between the two powers.
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    Pig War

    Was a military conflict between Spain and Morocco for control of Moroccan territory. This war had a significant impact on the human population, causing many civilian and military casualties.
  • Anglo-Russian Entente

    Anglo-Russian Entente

    Was a military agreement between Great Britain and Russia to counter German influence in Eastern Europe. This agreement had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it established an important alliance between two military powers.
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    Bosnian Crisis

    Was a diplomatic dispute between France and Germany over control of Morocco. This crisis had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it increased tensions between the two powers.
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    Agadir Crisis

    Was a diplomatic dispute between France and Germany over control of Morocco. This crisis had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it increased tensions between the two powers.
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    Italo-Turkish War

    Was a military conflict between Italy and the Ottoman Empire for control of Libya. This war had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it altered the balance of power in the region.
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    Balkan Wars

    Were a series of military conflicts between Balkan states and the Ottoman Empire. These wars had a significant impact on European geopolitics as they altered the balance of power in the region.
  • Assassination of Archduke of Austria-Hungary

    Assassination of Archduke of Austria-Hungary

    Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were murder in Sarajevo by a member of the Serbian nationalist group Mlada Bosna, this event triggered World War I. This assassination had a significant impact on European geopolitics as it led to a series of military alliances and conflicts that ultimately resulted in the war.
  • Austro-Hungarian Empire declaring war on Serbia and Russia's mobilization

    Austro-Hungarian Empire declaring war on Serbia and Russia's mobilization

    This event marked the beginning of World War I. It had a significant geopolitical impact by triggering a series of military alliances and conflicts in Europe. In terms of the human population, the resulting war caused a large number of casualties on both sides and unleashed a conflict that affected millions of people.
  • The United Kingdom entered the war

    The United Kingdom entered the war

    The United Kingdom's entry into the war expanded the conflict to a global scale, given the extensive influence of the British Empire. This significantly altered the dynamics of the war and strengthened the Entente. The human population was affected as British forces joined the fighting in Europe and other parts of the world.
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    Battle of the Marne

    Was a key victory for the Allied forces, as it halted the German advance towards Paris. It had a geopolitical impact by preventing a quick German victory. In terms of the population, it resulted in significant casualties on both sides and contributed to the prolongation of the war.
  • Genocide in Armenia

    Genocide in Armenia

    Was perpetrated by the Ottoman Empire, resulted in a significant loss of human life, with estimates ranging from hundreds of thousands to over a million Armenians killed. This had a significant impact on the Armenian population and on relations between Turkey and other nations after the war.
  • The sinking of the Lusitania

    The sinking of the Lusitania

    Provoked international outrage due to the large number of civilians killed, including citizens of neutral countries. This increased pressure on Germany and contributed to the deterioration of relations between the United States and Germany.
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    Battle of Verdun

    Was one of the longest and bloodiest battles of the war. It had a significant impact on the population, resulting in huge casualties and human suffering on both sides. Geopolitically, it represented an intense struggle on the Western Front.
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    Battle of the Somme

    Resulted in a large number of casualties and human suffering in an effort to gain ground on the Western Front. Geopolitically, it was a turning point in the war, but the population suffered greatly.
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    The Russian Revolution and the Russian Civil War

    Had a profound geopolitical impact, leading to Russia's withdrawal from the war and the emergence of a new Bolshevik government. The Russian Civil War prolonged instability in the country and resulted in a significant loss of human life, and led to the emergence of communism as a major political force around the world.
  • The armistice by the new German government

    The armistice by the new German government

    Marked the end of World War I. Geopolitically, it led to peace treaties and significant changes in borders and the political configuration of Europe. It also put an end to military operations and contributed to ending the human suffering caused by the war.
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    Paris Peace Conference

    Set the foundation for the reorganization of Europe and the world. New nations were created, borders redrawn, and conditions for peace established and affected the population by determining their belonging to new states and borders. This led to population relocations and displacement throughout Europe, often causing ethnic tensions and conflicts.
  • Rise of Fascism in Italy

    Rise of Fascism in Italy

    Had an impact on international relations and contributed to the emergence of authoritarian alliances in Europe. It restricted individual freedoms and influenced the daily lives of the Italian population. Italy also became a key player on the international stage.
  • Treaty of Versailles

    Treaty of Versailles

    Imposed harsh conditions on Germany, leading to resentment and discontent. It also redefined the political map of Europe and weakened Germany's influence, and affected the German population, leading to economic and social difficulties, contributing to the rise of Nazism.
  • Creation of the Irish Free State

    Creation of the Irish Free State

    Marked the end of British control in most of Ireland and the emergence of an independent state. This had an impact on relations between Ireland and the UK.It was a significant milestone in Irish history, affecting the population by establishing self-governance and a national identity.
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    Great Depression

    had a global impact on the economy and politics. It contributed to social unrest and increased unemployment, influencing the rise of totalitarian regimes and the geopolitics of World War II. And caused economic suffering and widespread unemployment, negatively affecting the global population.
  • Rise of Nazism in Germany

    Rise of Nazism in Germany

    Transformed Germany into an aggressive and totalitarian state, leading to World War II and a significant reshaping of European geopolitics. It resulted in policies of persecution, discrimination, and extermination that had a devastating impact on groups such as Jews, Roma, and others. The subsequent war caused immense loss of human lives.
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    World War II

    World War II reconfigured the world's political map. It led to the establishment of the United Nations, the emergence of superpowers like the United States and the Soviet Union, and the Cold War. And caused immense human suffering with millions of deaths, massive population displacements, and the destruction of cities and entire regions. The Holocaust also resulted in the systematic persecution and extermination of millions of people.