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The attack of Sarajevo aganist the Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austro-Hungarian Empire, became the trigger for the war, it led to the Austro-Hungarian Empire to declare war to Serbia. Their aim was to take control of the Balkan region once & for all. However, Russia´s intervention set in motion the partnership systems that had been defined during previous years. -
The 1st phase of the conflict saw the rapid advance pf the 2nd Reich´s troops over Belgium. The Germans pushed through a rapid occupation of France. However, the armies of France & UK succeeded in halting the Germanic advance at the Battle of the Marne. After this, the wester front was stabilized from the North Sea to Switzerland. The failure of the German tactics gave way to a new phase of the conflict.
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The fighting armies were forced to open trenches along the entire front to wear down the opponent. Examples of this were the battles of Verdun (Feb. 1916) & the Somme (July 1916), which resulted in the loss of almost 2M soldiers without any meaningful change on the war front. During this stage, new contenders were incorporated into the conflict: Italy & Romania (in favour allied powers) & Bulgaria (in favour of the central powers)
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It confronted the armies of France & Germany between 1916-1917. This represents the best example of what was a trench warfare, Although the front line hardly changed, the fight left a high number of victims on both sides. In addition, it was the testing ground of new weapons (tanks, planes, asphyxiating gases, etc.)
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They were the moderate & supported part if the bourgeoise
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They were the radicals, they support the proletariat, Lenin was the leader. They support the nationalization of banks, the creation of collectivititation of the land & the withdraw from the war with the Brest-Litovsk peace (1918).
They later joined the soviets -
The year 1917 was key to the development of the conflict. On one hand, there was Russia´s withdrawal from the conflict, (the Russian October revolution had triumphed) & the subsequent signing of the Brest-Litovsk peace, whereby the new soviet state renounced a large part of its territories in Europe.
In April, the USA declared war on Germany. Its entry into the conflict represented arrival of human & material resources allowing the fight to be settled on the side of the allied powers. -
It marked the end of the Russian Empire & its ruling Romanov dynasty
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In 1918, the central powers were exhausted & could no longer sustain the war effort. This forced the Austro-Hungarian & Ottoman Empires to call from an armistice, while in Germany mutinies & popular protests eventually forced Kaiser wilhelm II to sing the armistice as well (Nov. 11, 1918). After this he went into exile in the Netherlands & Germany was proclaimed as republic, the war was over.
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Red army was the winner
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Between 1919 & 1920, the Paris conference was held, where the winners signed various treaties aimed at establishing the conditions for peace with the losers. The Treaty of Versailles was the most prominent. It stablished the war sanctions to be paid by Germany, which had to take responsibility for the war. In addition, he was forced to give its colonies, territories to close countries & reduce its army.
Sain-Germain-en-Laye w/ Austria. Trianon with Hungary, Neuilly w/ Bulgari & Sèvres w/ Turkey. -