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Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assasinated
Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to Austria-Hungary's throne, and his wife, Sophie, are assassinated by Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip while the couple were visiting Sarajevo. -
Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia.
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Germany declares war on Russia.
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Germany declares war on France.
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The United Kingdom declares war on Germany, after Germany invades Belgium.
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Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia and Serbia declares war on Germany.
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U.S. President Woodrow Wilson announces the U.S. will remain neutral.
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The Battle of Tannenberg begins.
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Turkey entered the war on Germany’s side
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The first Zeppelin raid on Britain took place
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Allied troops landed in Gallipoli
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Italy declared war on Germany and Austria
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The Germans captured Warsaw from the Russians
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The Allies started the evacuation of Gallipoli
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Conscription introduced in Britain
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British forces surrendered to Turkish forces at Kut in Mesopotamia
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Period: to
The Brusilov Offensive
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Start of the Battle of the Somme
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First use en masse of tanks at the Somme
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Lloyd George becomes British Prime Minister
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Germany’s unrestricted submarine warfare campaign started
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USA declared war on Germany
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France launched an unsuccessful offensive on the Western Front
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Start of the Third Battle at Ypres
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Battle of Caporetto – the Italian Army was heavily defeated
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Britain launched a major offensive on the Western Front
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Armistice between Germany and Russia signed
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Britain captured Jerusalem from the Turks
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The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk was signed between Russia and Germany.
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Marshall Foch was appointed Allied Commander on the Western Front
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Germany started an offensive in Flanders
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Second Battle of the Marne started. The start of the collapse of the German army
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The advance of the Allies was successful
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Turkish forces collapsed at Megiddo
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Germany asked the Allies for an armistice
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Germany’s navy mutinied
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Turkey made peace
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Austria made peace
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Kaiser William II abdicated
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Germany signed an armistice with the Allies – the official date of the end of World War One.
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Peace conference met at Paris
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The surrendered German naval fleet at Scapa Flow was scuttled.
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The Treaty of Versailles was signed by the Germans.
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first meeting of the League Of Nations
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The Polish–Soviet War ends with the Peace of Riga.
The Polish–Soviet War (February 1919 – March 1921) was an armed conflict that pitted Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine against the Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic over the control of an area equivalent to today's Ukraine and parts of modern-day Belarus. At some points the war also threatened Poland's existence as an independent state. It followed on from the Soviet westward offensive of 1918–19. -
The U.S.–German Peace Treaty and the U.S.–Austrian Peace Treaty are signed
The U.S.—German Peace Treaty is a peace treaty between the U.S. and German governments, signed in Berlin on August 25, 1921, in the aftermath of World War I. The main reason for the conclusion of that treaty was the fact that the U.S. Senate did not ratify the multilateral peace treaty signed in Versailles, thus leading to a separate peace treaty. Ratifications were exchanged in Berlin on November 11, 1921, and the treaty became effective on the same day. -
Germany and the Soviet Union sign the Treaty of Rapallo, re-establishing diplomatic relations, renouncing financial claims on each other and pledge future cooperation.
The Treaty of Rapallo was an agreement signed at the Hotel Imperiale in the Italian town of Santa Margherita Ligure on 16 April, 1922 between Germany and Russia under which each renounced all territorial and financial claims against the other following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and World War I. -
Fascist leader Benito Mussolini is appointed prime minister of Italy by king Victor Emmanuel III after the March on Rome.
Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (29 July 1883 – 28 April 1945) was an Italian politician, journalist, and leader of the National Fascist Party, ruling the country as Prime Minister from 1922 until his ousting in 1943. He ruled constitutionally until 1925, when he dropped all pretense of democracy and set up a legal dictatorship. Known as Il Duce ("the leader"). Mussolini was one of the key figures in the creation of fascism. -
France occupies the Ruhr in an effort to compel Germany to step up its payments of war reparations.
The Occupation of the Ruhr between 1923 and 1925, by troops from France and Belgium, was a response to the failure of the German Weimar Republic under Chancellor Wilhelm Cuno to pay reparations in the aftermath of World War I. -
The Beer Hall Putsch takes place, in which Adolf Hitler unsuccessfully leads the Nazis in an attempt to overthrow the German government. It is crushed by police the next day
The Beer Hall Putsch was a failed attempt at revolution that occurred between the evening of 8 November and the early afternoon of 9 November 1923, when Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler, Erich Ludendorff, and other heads of the Kampfbund unsuccessfully attempted to seize power in Munich. Hitler started the march to the center of Munich with 2000 men. In the ensuing confrontation with police forces, sixteen Nazis and four policemen were killed -
Leader of the Soviet Union Vladimir Lenin dies, and Joseph Stalin begins purging rivals to clear the way for his leadership.
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Italian Fascists kidnap and kill socialist leader Giacomo Matteotti in Rome.
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The Soviet Union recognizes the United Kingdom.
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Fascists win elections in Italy with a 2/3 majority.
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Adolf Hitler is sentenced to 5 years in jail for his participation in the Beer Hall Putsch (he serves only 9 months).
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France begins withdrawing its troops from the Ruhr in Germany.
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The Locarno Treaties are signed in London (they are ratified 14 September 1926).
The treaties settle the borders of western Europe and normalizes relations between Germany and the Allied powers of western Europe. -
Theodoros Pangalos declares himself dictator of Greece.
Lieutenant General Theodoros Pangalos was a Greek soldier, politician and dictator. A distinguished staff officer and an ardent Venizelist and anti-royalist, Pangalos played a leading role in the September 1922 revolt that deposed King Constantine I and in the establishment of the Second Hellenic Republic. In June 1925 Pangalos staged a bloodless coup, and his assumption of power was recognized by the National Assembly which named him Prime Minister. As a "constitutional dictator". -
The Treaty of Berlin is signed by Germany and the Soviet Union, which declares neutrality if either country is attacked within the next five years.
Treaty of Berlin - the treaty of 24 April 1926 under which Germany and the Soviet Union each pledged neutrality in the event of an attack on the other by a third party for the next five years. Non-aggression treaty reaffirmed the German-Soviet Treaty of Rapallo signed in 1922. Ratifications for the treaty were exchanged in Berlin on June 29, 1926, and it went into effect on the same day. -
The Chinese Civil War begins between nationalists and communists.
The Chinese Civil War[nb 2] was a civil war in China fought between forces loyal to the government of the Republic of China led by the Kuomintang (KMT) and forces of the Communist Party of China (CPC).[6] The war began in April 1927, amidst the Northern Expedition and essentially ended when major active battles ceased in 1950.[7] The conflict eventually resulted in two de facto states, the Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan and the People's Republic of China (PRC) in mainland China, both claiming -
Peter Voikov, Soviet ambassador to Warsaw, is assassinated by a White movement activist.
The White movement and its military arm the White Army also known as the White Guard or the Whites, was a loose confederation of Anti-Communist forces that fought the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War and, to a lesser extent, continued operating as militarized associations both outside and within Russian borders until roughly the Second World War. -
The Jinan Incident begins, a limited armed conflict between the Republic of China and Japan.
The Jinan Incident or May 3 Tragedy, was an armed conflict between the Japanese Army allied with Northern Chinese warlords against the Kuomintang's southern army in Jinan, the capital of Shandong in 1928 during the Kuomintang's Northern Expedition. -
Huanggutun Incident: Japanese agents assassinate the Chinese warlord Zhang Zuolin.
Huanggutun Incident was an assassination plotted by the Japanese Kwantung Army that targeted Fengtian warlord Zhang Zuolin. It took place on June 4, 1928 at Huanggutun rail station near Shenyang in which Zhang's train was destroyed by an explosion -
The United Kingdom, United States, Italy and Japan sign the London Naval Treaty regulating submarine warfare and limiting naval shipbuilding.
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Mukden Incident: the Japanese stage a false flag bombing against a Japanese-owned railroad in the Chinese region of Manchuria, blaming Chinese dissidents for the attack.
On September 18, 1931, a small quantity of dynamite was detonated by Lt. Kawamoto Suemori[4] close to a railroad owned by Japan's South Manchuria Railway near Mukden (now Shenyang).[5] Although the explosion was so weak that it failed to destroy the lines and a train passed minutes later, the Imperial Japanese Army, accusing Chinese dissidents of the act, responded with a full invasion that led to the occupation of Manchuria, in which Japan established its puppet state of Manchukuo -
Using the Mukden Incident as a pretext, the Japanese invade Manchuria.
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Period: to
The Soviet famine of 1932–33 begins, caused in part by the collectivization of agriculture of the First Five Year Plan.
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January 28 Incident: using a flare-up of anti-Japanese violence as a pretext, the Japanese attack Shanghai, China. Fighting ends on March 6, and on May 5 a ceasefire agreement is signed wherein Shanghai is made a demilitarized zone.
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Fighting between China and Japan in Manchuria ends with Japan in control of Manchuria.
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Paul von Hindenburg is reelected President of Germany, defeating Adolf Hitler in a run-off.
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Nazi leader Adolf Hitler is appointed Chancellor of Germany by President Paul von Hindenburg.
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Germany's parliament building the Reichstag is set on fire.
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Franklin Delano Roosevelt is inaugurated as President of the United States.
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Germany's first concentration camp, Dachau, is completed.
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The Gestapo secret police is established in Germany.
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Hitler outlaws trade unions.
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All non-Nazi parties are banned in Germany.
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The Nazi party becomes the official party of Germany.
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Germany leaves the League of Nations.
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Germany and Poland sign the 10 year German-Polish Non-Aggression Pact.
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All German police forces come under the command of Heinrich Himmler.
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The Anglo-German Naval Agreement is signed by Germany and the United Kingdom. The agreement allows Germany to build a fleet that's 35% the size of the British fleet. In this way, the British hope to limit German naval re-armament.
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Italy invades Ethiopia, beginning the Second Italo–Abyssinian War.
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In violation of the Treaty of Versailles, Germany remilitarizes the Rhineland
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Hitler makes it mandatory for all males between the ages 10-18 to join the Hitler Youth.
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Italy joins the Anti-Comintern Pact.
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Italy leaves the League of Nations.
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Austria is annexed by Nazi Germany.
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The Kristallnacht pogrom begins in Germany; Jewish shops and synagogues are smashed, looted, burned, and destroyed throughout the country.
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An uranium atom is split for the first time at Columbia University in the United States
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Adolf Hitler orders Plan Z, a 5-year naval expansion programme intended to provide for a huge German fleet capable of defeating the Royal Navy by 1944. The Kriegsmarine is given the first priority on the allotment of German economic resources.
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The United Kingdom and France offer a guarantee of Polish independence.
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Adolf Hitler orders the German military to start planning for Fall Weiss, the codename for the attack on Poland,
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The Tientsin Incident occurs, in which the Japanese blockade the British concession in the North China Treaty Port of Tientsin.
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In response to a message from Mussolini that Italy will not honor the Pact of Steel if Germany attacks Poland, Hitler delays the launch of the invasion by five days to provide more time to secure British and French neutrality.
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Germany invades Poland, start of World War II.
