-
Mein Kampf
a book written b y hitler. it was the basic beliefs of nazism that became the action of the Nazi party. it stands for my struggle. he wrote in it "to secure for the German people the land and soil to which they are entitled on this earth, even if this could only be acomplished by the " might of a victorious sword." -
Benito Mussolini's fascist government in Italy
fascism stressed nationalism and placed the interests of the state above those of individuals.To strengthen the nation, fascists argued, power must rest with a single strong leader and a small group of devoted party members. In oct. 1922, Mussolini marched on Rome with thousands of his followers, whose black uniforms gave them the name "Black Shirts". When important go government officials, the army, and the police sided with the fascists, the Italian king appointed Mussolini head of the gov. -
Japanese invasion of Manchuria
the militarists launched a surprise attack and seized control of the Chinese province in Manchuria. Within several months Japanese troops controlled the entire province, a large region about twice the size of Texas, that was rich with resources. -
Adolf Hitler's rise to power in Germany
in 1919 he joined a group known as the Nazi party and proved to be such a powerful public speaker and organizer that he quickly became the party's leader. he promised to bring Germany out of chaos, in his book he set forth the basic beliefs of nazism that became the plan of action or the Nazi party. the great depression helped the nazis come to power, because of war debts some 6 million were unemployed and joined his army. mid 1932 the nazis had become the strongest political party. -
Storm troopers
it was the name of Hitlers private army. many men who wee out of work joined it. {Brown Shirts} -
Third Reich
once appointed chancellor Hitler quickly dismantled the Germany's Weimar Republic and in its place he established the third reich or third German empire. According to Hitler, the third reich would be a "thousand-year reich"-it would last for a thousand years. -
Hitler's military build-up in Germany
the failure of the League of Nations to action against Japan did not escape the notice of Europe's dictators. In 1933 Hitler pulled out of the league and in 1935 he began a military buildup in violation of the Treaty of Versailles. -
Mussolini's invasion of Ehiopia
one of Africa's few remaining independent countries. By the fall of 1935, tens of thousands of Italian soldiers stood ready to advance on Ethiopia. the league of nations failed to boycott. -
Hitler invades the Rhineland.
Hitler sent troops into the Rhineland, a German region bordering France and Belgium that was demilitarized as a result of the treaty of Versailles. -
Francisco Franco
he rebelled against the Spanish republic. Revolts broke out all over spain, and the Spanish Civil war began. his victory in 1939 established him as spains fascist dictator. -
Hitler's Anschluss
on march 12, 1939, German troops marched into Austria unopposed. A day later, Germany announced that its Anchluss or "union" with Austria was complete. The U.S. and the rest of the world did nothing. -
Munich Agreement
signed by Daladier and Chamberlain, which turned the Sudetenland over to Germany without a single shot being fired. -
Nonaggression Pact
as tensions rose of Poland, Stalin surprised everyone by signing the nonaggression pact with Hitler. o=Once bitter enemies, on august 23, 1939 fascist Germany and communist russia now committed never to attack each other. Germany and the soviet union also signed a second secret pact, agreeing to divide Poland between them. With the danger of the two-front war eliminated, the fate of Poland was sealed. -
Blitzkrieg
This was Germany's newest military strategy "lightning war". Blitzkrieg made use of advances in military technology-such as fast tanks and more powerful aircraft-to take the enemy by surprise and then quickly crush all opposition with overwhelming force. its tactics worked perfectly. Major fighting was over in three weeks, long before France, Britain, and their allies could mount a defense. -
Britain and France declare war on Germany
two days following the terror on Poland Britain and France declared war. -
Phony War
for the next several months after the fall of Poland, French and Britain troopos on the Maginot Line, sat staring into Germany, waiting for something to happen. On the Siegfried line a few miles away German troops started back. The blitzkrieg gave way to the "sitzkrieg" which is the sitting war. Late in 1939 Stalin sent his soviet army into Finland. After three months of fighting the outnumbered Finns surrendered. Suddenly Hitler launched a surprise invasion of Denmark. -
Hitler's invasion of the Netherlands
Hitler turned against the Netherlands next., Belgium, and Luxembourg, which were overrun by May. -
Marshal Philippe Petain
Germans would occupy the northern part of France, and Nazi-contolled puppet government, headed by Marshal Philippe Petain. -
The Battle of Britain
in the summer of 1940,, the germans began to assembe an invasion fleet along the French coast. Because its naval power could not compete with that of Britain, Germany also launched an air war at the same time. The Luftwaffle began making bombing runs over britain. Its goal was to gain total control of the skies by destroying Britain's Royal Air Force. Hitler had 2600 planes at his disposal. On a single day, august 15, approximately 2000 German planes ranged over Britain, through summer and fall -
Pearl Harbor attack
a Japanese dive-bomber swooped low over pearl harbor- the largest U.S. naval base in the Pacific. The bomber was followed b y more than 280 Japanese warplanes launched from six crafts carriers. As the first Japanese bombs found their targets, a radio operator flashed out" Air raid on Pearl Harbor. This is not a drill." for an hour and a half the Japanese planes were barely disturbed bu U.S. antiaircraft guns and blasted target after target. -
Lend Lease Act
Britain had no more cash to spend in the arsenal democracy. Roosevelt tried to help by suggesting a new plan. Isolationists argued bitterly against the plan, but most Americans favored it , and congress passes the act -
Battle of Stalingrad
the Luftwaffe-the German air force- prepared the way with nightly bombing raids over the city. nearly every wooden building in Stalingrad recommended blowing up the city's factories and abandoning the city. during the winter, the soviet army closed around Stalingrad, trapping the Germans in and around the city and cutting off their supplies. the German commander surrendered on January 31, 1943. the soviet victory marked the turning point pf the war. -
Operation Torch
the allied invasion of French North America, it was the first time the British and Americans had jointly worked on an invasion plan together. Stalin's Russia had been pressing the allies to start a new front against the Germans in the western sector of the war in Europe. -
Internment
early 1942, the war department called for the mass evacuation of all Japanese Americans from Hawaii. General Delos Emmons, the military governor of Hawaii, resisted because 37 percent were Japanese Americans. he was eventually forced to order the internment or confinement, of 1444 Japanese Americans, i percent of Hawaii's Japanese-american population. -
Battle of Atlantic
After the attack of pearl harbor, Hitler ordered submarine raids against ships along America's east coast. The german aim was to prevent food and war materials from reaching Great Britain and the Soviet Union. Britain depended on supplies from the sea. In the first four months, the Germans sank 87 sjips off the Atlantic shore. Seven into the year German wolf packs had destroyed a total of 681 Allied ships in the Atlantic. Early into 1943, 140 ships wwwere being produced . -
Manhattan Project
the OSRD set up an intensive program to develop a bomb as quickly as possible. because much of the early research was performed at Columbia university in Manhattan, the Manhattan project became code name for research work that extended across the country. -
D-Day
The Allies gathered a force of nearly 3 million British, American, and Canadian troops, together with mountains of military equipment and supplies. Shortly after midnight three divisions parachuted down behind German lines. They were followed by thousands of seaborne soldiers, the largest in history. -
The Battle of the Bulge
Americans captured their first German town, Aachen. Hitler ordered his troops to break through allied lines and to recapture the Belgian port of Antwerp. Tanks drove 60 miles into Allied territory, creating a bulge in the lines that gave this desperate last ditch its name. as the Germans swept westward they captured 120 Americans. The battle raged for a month, when it was over the Germans had been pushed back, and little seemed to have changed. but events had taken a decisive turn. -
Korematsu v. United States
the supreme court decided, that the government's policy of evacuating Japanese Americans to camps was justified on the basis of "military necessity" -
Bloody Anzio
lasted four months. it was one of the hardest battles. left about 25000 Allied and 30000 axis casualties. During the year after Anzio, German armies continued to put up strong resistance. -
V-E Day
a week after Hitlers death, General Eisenhower accepted the unconditional surrender of the third reich. The allies celebrated V-E Day. the war in Europe was finally over. -
Harry S. Truman
Roosevelt had a stroke and died and that night Harry S. Truman became the nation's 33 president. -
Joseph Stalin's totalitarian government in the soviet Union
last name means "man of steal", took control of the country. he focused on creating a model communist state. in so doing, he made both agricultural and industrial growth the prime economic goals of the soviet Union. he abolished all privately owned farms. -
Rome-Berlin Axis
the war forced a closed relationship bewtween german and italian dictators, ho signed a formal alliance known as the Rome-Berlin Axis. -
Hitler's invasion of Denmark and Norway
Hitler launched a surprise attack in order to " to protect those countries freedom and independence". But in truth Hitler planned to build bases along the coasts to strike at Great Britain. Next he turned against the Netherlands, Belgium, and luxemburg, which were overrun by the end of May. -
Germany and Italy's invasion of France
the German army threatened to bypass France's Maginot line. the German offensive trapped almost 400,000 British and french soldiers. in less than a week, a make shift fleet of fishing trawlers, tugboats, river barges, pleasure craft- more than 800 vessels in all-ferried about 330,00 British, french, and Belgian troops to safety across the channel, -
U.S. convoy system
convoys were groups of ships traveling together for mmutual protection, as they had done in the first world war. the convoys were escorted across the atlantic by destroyers equipped with sonar for detecting submarines underwater. They were also accompanied by airplanes that used radar to sopt u-boats on the oceans surface. with this imrpoved tracking the allies were able to find and destroy German U-boats faster than the Germans could build them. -
Unconditional surrender
roosevelt, churchill and their commanders met in Casablanca. At this meeting the two leaders agreed to ccept only the unconditional surrender of the Axis powers. That is enemy natiions would have to accept whatever terms of peace the Allies dictated. -
Death of Hitler
in his underground headquarters, he married Eva braun and that same day he wrote out his last address to the German people. He shot himself while his wife swallowed poison. he ordered that the two bodies be burned. -
Women's Auxiliary Army Crops
the army's needs were so great that army chief of staff general George Marshall pushed for the formation. under this bill women volunteers would serve in noncombat positions. -
Office of Price Administration
Roosevelt responded to this threat by creating the OPA. The OPA fought inflation by freezing prices on most goods. Congress also raised income tax rates and extended the tax to millions of people who had never paid it before. the higher taxes reduced consumer demand on scarce goods by leaving workers with less to spend. -
War Productions Board
it assumed that responsibility. the WPB decided which companies would convert from peacetime to wartime production and allocated raw materials to key industries. they also organized drives to collect scrap iron, tin cans, paper, rags, and cooking fat for recycling war goods.
