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In winter 1939-1940, Soviet troops seized various countries, these were Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, and a part of Finland. On the other hand, German troops overran Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands and Belgium in Spring of 1940.
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In May 1940 Germany invaded France, Britain sent an army to France so they could protect themselves, but German troops managed to push both opposing armies west. ALlies got to Dunkirk, where Britain tried to pull off a rescue, carrying 338,000 Allied soldiers to Great Britain.
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By 1940 Britain had an air force that protected the country, and Hitler targeted it with the hope he could conquer England, so he attacked by the air Britain, they bombed all sorts of British infrastructure and cities, but Britain repelled the German bombers, this was the Battle of Britain
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In 1940 after Hitler realized that the British air force was too strong for him to battle, he decided to invade them.
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In 1940 Hitler's empire was growing as he now had many nations of the Balkans, he decided to invade the Soviet Union, turning against Stalin and he was succeeding at a start to push east, but the Russian winter stopped the German Army from invading them.
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By 1940 Japan was expanding its control, and they wanted European colonies and the Philippines which were governed by the US, so on December 7 of 1941, Japan bombed the American naval base called Pearl Harbor, a day after, the US declared war on Japan and then Germany and Italy to the US. Japan, Italy, and Germany were Axis Powers.
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On June 22 of 1940, the French government surrendered to Germany, which left Great Britain alone to fight against Germany.
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Hitler wanted to get rid of the Jews, and in 1942 he decided that the solution to accomplishing that objective was to simply kill them all, this was known as the Holocaust when millions of Jews were killed, it also included Slav and Gypsies, and people with mental or physical disabilities.
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Governments of the German empire helped to carry out the Holocaust, they jammed people into freight cars which took them to concentration camps in Eastern Europe. When they arrived at the camp, the weakest were killed in gas chambers straight away and the rest were taken to barracks and were used for work in factories and farms. As 12 million people died on the Holocaust, the Allies held trials for war crimes against Germany after the war, after seeing what happened in the camps.
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The opposing power to the Axis were the Allies, the main were the US, Great Britain, France, among others. The Allies agreed to go first against Germany and then after Japan. Allies invaded North Africa in November 1942 and by May 1943 they defeated Germany there. After that, they invaded Italy, which Germany could not defend and Italy surrendered in May 1945, and Mussolini was killed.
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In early 1942 Japan had taken European colonies in Asia and the western Pacific and the Allies fought them in the Pacific at the same time they kept fighting with Hitler. By October 1944 Allies land forces seized control over the Solomon Islands and New Guinea, and by March 1945 Manila, the capital of the Philippines but fighting there stopped when the war ended. By April 1945 Japanese emperor was ready to surrender but military leaders refused.
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In 1944 Allies crossed the English Channel to land on French shores, in the D-Day invasion, the troops were commanded by General Dwight D. Eisenhower and succeeded to break German lines and pushed them eastward.
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By April 1945 the Germans that remained were in between Allied armies in the west and by Soviets in the east, they pushed the Germans out and occupied their areas themselves.
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The US president Franklin Roosevelt died on April 12 of 1945, which lead to vice president Harry Truman becoming the president and got knowledge about the atomic bomb, a project which Roosevelt developed since 1941, a project in which over 600,000 people worked on.
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In Summer 1945, the Allies offered the last chance to Japan to surrender, the military leaders refused again, and on August 6 the American plane "Enola Gay" dropped an atomic bomb in Hiroshima, it killed between 80,000-120,000 people and a lot more died by the burns or radiation.
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Just 3 days later, on August 9, 1945, another atomic bomb was dropped after Japan refused again to surrender, this time the bomb was dropped in Nagasaki and killed 35,000 to 75,000 people.
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After receiving 2 atomic bombs, Japan finally surrendered on August 14 of 1945.
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Hitler killed himself on April 30, 1945, and after that, on May 7 of the same year, Germany surrendered, which ended the war in Europe.