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Serving in the Russian Civil War before overseeing the Soviet Union's establishment in 1922, Stalin assumed leadership over the country following Lenin's death in 1924. Under Stalin, socialism in one country became a central tenet of the party's ideology. -
Benito Mussolini was an Italian political leader who became the fascist dictator of Italy from 1925 to 1945. -
Instituted in the hope of avoiding war, appeasement was the name given to Britain's policy in the 1930s of allowing Hitler to expand German territory unchecked. -
Seeking raw materials to fuel its growing industries, Japan invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931. -
The Holocaust was the persecution and murder of millions of Jews, Romani people, dissidents and homosexuals by the German Nazi regime from 1933-1945. -
Following several backroom negotiations – which included industrialists, Hindenburg's son, the former chancellor Franz von Papen, and Hitler – Hindenburg acquiesced and on 30 January 1933, he formally appointed Adolf Hitler as Germany's new chancellor. -
In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor—the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others. -
Congress passed three "Neutrality Acts" that tried to keep the United States out of war, by making it illegal for Americans to sell or transport arms, or other war materials to belligerent nations. -
Italy announced the annexation of the territory of Ethiopia on 7 May and Italian King Victor Emmanuel III was proclaimed emperor. -
Seeking raw materials to fuel its growing industries, Japan invaded the Chinese province of Manchuria in 1931. -
Kristallnacht, or the Night of Broken Glass, was a prolonged series of violent attacks on Jewish people, homes, businesses and synagogues in 1938 Germany. -
The Atlantic was the route by which all resources came to Britain, without which the country would have collapsed -
Germany and the Soviet Union signed a non-aggression pact., known as the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. -
Germany launched the unprovoked attack at dawn on September 1, 1939, with an advance force consisting of more than 2,000 tanks supported by nearly 900 bombers and over 400 fighter planes. -
Roosevelt bypassed these restrictions by persuading Congress to permit the government to sell military supplies to France and Britain on a cash-and-carry basis -
It created a defense alliance between the countries and was largely intended to deter the United States from entering the conflict. -
The Tuskegee Airmen were the first African American soldiers to successfully complete their training and enter the Army Air Corps -
The decisive factors were British capability and determination, but German mistakes, before and during the battle, contributed significantly to the outcome. -
Winston Churchill is forever remembered for his contributions as Prime Minister (PM) during World War II. -
publicly affirmed the sense of solidarity between the U.S. and Great Britain against Axis aggression. -
to stabilize prices and rents and prevent unwarranted increases in them; to prevent profiteering, hoarding and speculation; to assure that defense appropriations were not dissipated by excessive prices. -
The Four Freedoms were goals articulated by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Monday, January 6, 1941. -
The attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike by the Imperial Japanese Navy Air Service upon the United States against the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor in Honolulu, Territory of Hawaii. The United States was a neutral country at the time; the attack led to its formal entry into World War II the next day. -
Britain had sustained the loss of 11 destroyers to the German Navy over a 10-day period, newly elected British Prime Minister Winston Churchill requested help from President Roosevelt. -
The "Final Solution to the Jewish question" was the official code name for the murder of all Jews within reach, which was not restricted to the European continent. -
In May 1941, U.S. Representative Edith Nourse Rogers proposed a bill for the creation of the Women's Army Auxiliary Corps to help with the war effort. -
The Battle of Stalingrad was the deadliest battle to take place during the Second World War. -
The Manhattan Project is one of the most transformative events of the 20th century. -
The prisoners of war were forced to march through tropical conditions, enduring heat, humidity, and rain without adequate medical care. -
The attack aimed to lift Allied spirits and incite fear in the Japanese population in retribution for the recent Japanese attack on the U.S. naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. -
Victory Abroad and Victory at Home -
Japan hoped to defeat the US Pacific Fleet and use Midway as a base to attack Pearl Harbor, securing dominance in the region and then forcing a negotiated peace. -
The U.S. Marine Corps, in an effort to find quicker and more secure ways to send and receive code, enlisted Navajos as code talkers. -
J. Howard Miller from Westinghouse created the “We Can Do It” war campaign and in 1942 created the iconic image of Rosie the Riveter. -
In February 1942, just two months later, President Roosevelt, as commander-in-chief, issued Executive Order 9066 that resulted in the internment of Japanese Americans. -
Torch was a compromise operation that met the British objective of securing victory in North Africa while allowing American armed forces the opportunity to engage in the fight against Nazi Germany on a limited scale. -
The Tehran Conference was a meeting between U.S. President Franklin Delano Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin in Tehran, Iran, between November 28 and December 1, 1943. -
The Casablanca conference was a meeting between US president Franklin D. Roosevelt and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill in Casablanca, Morocco. -
The Act allowed the federal government to seize and operate industries threatened by or under strikes that would interfere with war production, and prohibited unions from making contributions in federal elections. -
The "Bulge" was the largest and bloodiest single battle fought by the United States in World War II and the third-deadliest campaign in American history. -
'Once defeated the enemy will never again try to invade'. A victory would allow him to redeploy his forces to the East, to 'revolutionise the situation there…' He went on: 'the whole outcome of the war depends on each man fighting in the West, and that means the fate of the Reich as well! -
On October 20, 1944, a few hours after his troops landed, MacArthur waded ashore onto the Philippine island of Leyte. That day, he made a radio broadcast in which he declared, “People of the Philippines, I have returned!” In January 1945, his forces invaded the main Philippine island of Luzon. -
The Battle of Okinawa, condenadme Operation Iceberg, was a battle of the Pacific War fought on the island of Okinawa by United States Army and United States Marine Corps forces against the Imperial Japanese Army -
The explosion immediately killed an estimated 80,000 people; tens of thousands more would later die of radiation exposure. -
On May 8, 1945 - known as Victory in Europe Day or V-E Day - celebrations erupted around the world to mark the end of World War II in Europe. -
When President Harry S. Truman announced on Aug. 14, 1945, that Japan had surrendered unconditionally, war-weary citizens around the world erupted in celebration. -
Germany was completely occupied and was unable to resist, so the trials went ahead. -
The Yalta Conference failed but Yalta Europe was not forever. The strategic vision that Roosevelt spelled out in the Atlantic Charter and sought to realize at Yalta—even if miserably—now seems the right one. -
Franklin D. Roosevelt was the 32nd President of the United States. Not only did he serve an unprecedented four terms in office, but he was also the first president with a significant physical disability. FDR was diagnosed with infantile paralysis, better known as polio, in 1921, at the age of 39. -
After the battle, Iwo Jima served as an emergency landing site for more than 2,200 B-29 bombers, saving the lives of 24,000 U.S. airmen.