World pandemics

430-429 a.C: Plaga de Atenas

430 BCE

First registered urban epidemic with devastating effects. It killed almost half the population of Athens and was the beginning of a worldwide pandemic. Cause: typhus, transmitted by the bite of arthropods such as lice, fleas, mites and ticks that are carried by birds and mammals.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

165-180: Peste Antonina

165

Brought to the Roman Empire by troops returning from campaigns in the Near East. It caused up to 2,000 deaths a day, decimating populations in Asia Minor, Egypt, Greece and Italy. Cause: Unknown, suspected Smallpox or Measles.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

249-269: Peste Cipriana

249

Coming from Ethiopia, he crossed Egypt, North Africa and arrived in Rome, afflicting the Roman Empire. Cause: Unknown, suspected Smallpox, Influenza or filovirus.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

541-542: Plaga de Justiniano

541

Transmitted by fleas, it was one of the greatest plagues in history. the Roman Emperor Justinian I, who then ruled the Byzantine Empire, from which he claimed between 25 and 50 million lives. Cause: Yersinia pestis, the bacteria responsible for bubonic plague.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

1346-1353: Peste negra

1346

It is considered the most catastrophic plague pandemic in human history, with a total death toll between 75 and 100 million. Subsequent plague episodes took place in 1582, 1629, 1649, 1666, 1679, 1720 and 1770, in different European cities. Cause: Yersinia pestis.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

1509-1529: Viruela y sarampión en el nuevo mundo

1509

European invasions introduced diseases such as smallpox and measles to indigenous populations, killing 20 million people and reducing the number of Native Americans by 95%. Cause: Variola virus and Paramyxoviridae virus.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

1618-1648: Tifus en la guerra de los 30 años

1618

The presence of lice was common in the life of the seventeenth century, which facilitated the spread of typhus with the movement of armies, causing the loss of between 15% and 20% of the population of the German states. Cause: Rickettsia prowazeki bacteria.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

1775-1782: Viruela

1775

The point of origin of this smallpox epidemic that spread throughout the North American continent and the Caribbean, causing at least 130,000 deaths, is unknown. Cause: Variola virus.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

1852-1860: Cólera

1852

The third global cholera pandemic began in the Ganges River delta and spread along trade routes from India and from there to Russia, China, France, England and the United States. Cause: Outbreaks of cholera that originate in nature.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)
(https://www.mayoclinic.org/es-es/diseases-conditions/cholera/symptoms-causes/syc-20355287)

1889-1890: Gripe rusa

1889

The pandemic began in Saint Petersburg on December 1, 1889, and spread rapidly throughout Europe, going around the world in just 4 months. It caused the death of around 1,000,000 people. Cause: virus Influenza A subtype H3N8.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

1918-1920: Gripe española

1918

this flu pandemic was the deadliest pandemic of the 20th century. Between 20 and 50 million people died worldwide. Cause: Influenza A virus subtype H1N1
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)
(https://gacetamedica.com/investigacion/la-gripe-espanola-la-pandemia-de-1918-que-no-comenzo-en-espana-fy1357456/)

1957-1958: Gripe asiática

1957

Coming from China, it reached worldwide distribution in less than ten months and had a high mortality, with estimated figures of around 1.1 million deaths. Cause: Influenza A virus subtype H2N2.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)
(http://www.bilbaopedia.info/gripe-asiatica)

1976: Ébola

1976

It was the first epidemic outbreak, mainly in Sudan and Zaire. Subsequently, other outbreaks occurred, with the 2014-2016 outbreak being the largest and most complex, beginning in Guinea and rapidly spreading outside of Africa, leaving more than 4,500 victims in 6 months. Cause: Ebola virus.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)
(https://www.who.int/es/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ebola-virus-disease)

1981: Sida

1981

AIDS is a human disease that progresses to failure of the immune system, allowing life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to develop. It has caused 38 million deaths worldwide. Currently, 37 million people are infected with HIV. Cause: HIV
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)
(https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/spanish/basics/whatishiv.html)

2002: SARS-CoV

2002

Severe acute respiratory syndrome, which emerged in the countries of Southeast Asia, caused the infection of 8,098 people worldwide, causing the death of 774. Cause: Coronavirus SARS-CoV.
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)

2019: SARS-CoV-2

2019

At the end of 2019, a new type of coronavirus was detected on the Asian continent, occurring in the city of Wuhan (China) in the first epidemic outbreak. From that moment on, the transmission was very fast, declaring itself a pandemic in March 2020. The fatality rate has reached more than 5%. The number of deaths worldwide is around one million people. Cause: coronavirus
(https://activedesinfeccion.com/cronologia-de-las-principales-pandemias/)