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Visualization
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Comic: 1850 - 1900
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Period: to
What makes GIS so colorful?
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John Snow - Map of London
He mapped the cholera deaths of London and also found its center where it broke out. He used a dot map for this display. The cholera ended on the 5th August with 500 deaths and the research was published in the second edtion of the book: On the Mode of Communication of Cholera. -
Modern weather map
http://galton.org/meteorologist.htmlThe modern weather map, a chart showing area of similar air pressure and barometric changes by means of glyphs displayed on a map. These led to the discovery of the anti-cyclonic movement of wind around low-pressure areas— Francis Galton (1822–1911), UK Galton prepared the first weather map published in The Times. -
Minard's flow Map
Minard’s flow map graphic of Napoleon’s March on Moscow (called “the best graphic ever produced” by Tufte)—Charles Joseph Minard (1781–1870), France -
Election Map of Paris
Election Map of Paris 1870 (08.11.2013, 10:08 )Election map of Paris, showing the breakdown of votes by parties—Leon Montigny, France The time span was from may to june 1869 -
Population contour map
Population contour map
Population contour map (population density shown by contours), the first statistical use of a contour map— Louis-L´eger Vauthier (1815–1881), France -
Two variable color map
Two-variable color map (showing the joint distribution of horses (red, vertical bars) and cattle (green, horizontal bars) in Bavaria, widths of bars _ animals/km2)—Georg vonMayr (1841–1925), Germany -
First Weather Chart
Weather ChartFirst Weather chart by Francis Galton -
First anamorphic maps
First anamorphic maps, using a deformation of spatial size to show a quantitative variable (e.g., the decrease in time to travel from Paris to various places in France over 200 years)— ´Emile Cheysson (1836–1910), France -
Street maps of London
Poverty Map
Street maps of London, showing poverty and wealth by color coding, transforming existing methods of social survey and poverty mapping towards the end of the nineteenth century— Charles Booth (1840–1916), London, UK -
Comic: From 1900 - 1949
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Published Standards
Published standards for graphical presentation (by representatives from several scientific societies) — American Society of Mechanical Engineers (Joint Committee), USA -
Ethnographic Maps
Use of ethnographic maps, showing the distribution of mixed nationalities, played an important role in re-drawing national boundaries of Central Europe and the Balkans following World War I— Emmanuel de Martonne (1873–1955), France by the Service Géographique de l'Armée -
Re-design of London underground train routes
Re-design of the routes of the London underground rail system to favor usability— Henry C. Beck (1903–1974), London, UK. The Underground Map of London we use nowadays is a newer version of this map. -
Dymaxion Map
R. Buckminster Fuller did a great deal of work on the world grid. He copyrighted his "dymaxion" map in 1946 -
Comic: From 1950 - 1974
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MIMO
Waldo Tobler outlines a simple model called MIMO (map in-map out) for applying the computer to cartography. The principles of the MIMO system were the origins for geocoding, data capture, data analysis and display. The MIMO system contained all of the standard elements found in GIS software. -
Fist GIS
The First GIs was launched - CGIS. Dr. Tomlinson initiated, planned and directed the development of the Canada Geographic Information System, the first computerized GIS in the world. Also further initial development of geographic information systems, combining spatially-referenced data, spatial models and map-based visualization. -
SYMAP
SYMAP (Synagraphic Mapping Sytem) - a pioneering automated computer mapping application developed by Howard Fisher at the Northwestern Technology Institute and completed in the Harvard Lab -
AUTOMAP
Automatic Mapping System was developed by the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and became operational at 1967. It could produce castlines and any form of line or point data. It was a map compilation program at the world level. -
Augmented Reality
In 1968, with the help of his student Bob Sproull, Ivan Sutherland created the first virtual reality and augmented reality head-mounted display system, named The Sword of Damocles. -
ESRI
Systems Research Institute (ESRI), founded by Jack & Laura Dangermond. -
Landsat
The first Landsat satellite launched (originally known as ERTS-1) -
First Computer made Map in a regular series
UK Experimental Cartography Unit pioneered high-quality computer mapping, it published the world's first computer made map in a regular series with the British Geological Survey -
Color doded bivariate Matrix
Color-coded bivariate matrix to represent two intervally measured variables in a single map (Urban Atlas series)[— U.S. Bureau of the Census, USA
Picture: CDC Map of incidence of stomach cancer -
Comic: From 1975 - Present
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Vector GIS
First Vector GIS - ODYSSEY at the Harvard Lab -
Visbility Basis Map
Visibiltiy Base Map, a map of the United States where areas are adjusted to provide a readily readable platform for area symbols for smaller states, such as Delaware and Rhode Island, with compensating reductions in the size of larger states—Mark Monmonier, USA -
First weather map
The USA Today color weather map begins an era of color information graphics in newspapers.
Shortly, colorful visual graphics become widespread.— George Rorick, USA -
Statistical graphics
REGARD image: largest annual oil flow into EU, 1977 - 1990Statistical graphics interactively linked to map displays— Graham Wills, J. Haslett, Antony Unwin and P. Craig, UK [324]; Mark Monmonier, USA -
Augmented Reality
The history of augmented reality can be traced back to 1990 and work undertaken by Professor Tom Caudell as part of a neural systems project at Boeing. This project was focused upon finding new ways to help the company’s engineering process and involved the use of virtual reality.
Caudell developed a software which displayed the position of important cabling during construction which removed the need for complex user manuals -
First funcionating AR system
Louis Rosenberg develops one of the first functioning AR systems, called Virtual Fixtures, at the US Air Force research laboratory-Armstrong, and demonstrates benefits to human performance -
First web-based interactive map
The first Web-based interactive map was developed by Steve Putz and was implemented as as a perl script that accepts requests for map renderings and returns an HTML document including an inlined GIF image of the requested map. It is running as part of a custom inetd-invoked HTTP daemon running on the host pubweb.parc.xerox.com at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in California -
Cartographic Data Visualiser
Cartographic Data Visualiser: a map visualization tool kit with graphical tools for viewing data, including a wide range of mapping options for exploratory spatial data analysis— Jason Dykes, UK -
ArcGIS
Arc GIS 8.0 released from ESRI -
ArcGIS with 3D
ArcGIS 8.1 was released. Updates of ArcView 3.x extensions, including 3D Analyst and Spatial Analyst -
Google Earth
Google Earth, The first version of Google Earth was released building on the virtual globe metaphor. Terrain and buildings can be viewed 3 dimensionally. The KML (XML based) markup language allows users to integrate their own personal content. This virtual globe needs special software and doesn't run in a web browser. -
Layar Map
Wilkinson Marketing in Sheffield, South Yorkshire utilise the power of AR by use of the 'Layar' app to bring benefits to providers of printed products. A low cost medium where by printed products such as Business Cards, Labels, Beermats, Advertisements, Packaging, Leaflets etc can be used to engage readers in a digital world combining digital and print together. -
What makes GIS so colorful
