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civilian defense organization
roosevelt set up the office of civilian defense ocd to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilians in war related emergency th acd organized the u.s citizens defence corps to recruit and train volunteers to reform essential tasks -
d day
effected the war tide for the allies positively becousethe battle foreshadowed the end of hitlers dream of nazi domination d day was the largest air,land and sea operations undertaken the landing included over 5000 ships ,11000 air plans, and over 150,000 servise men by the end the allies had reached the seine riverplans was liberated and the germans had been removed from northwestern france effectivly concluded the battel of normandy -
bataan death march
the bataan death march happend after the u.s surrender of the bataan pennsula it affected the war tide in favor of the axis po -
japanese expansion
In September 1931 Japan army moved into Manchuria after an explosion damaged a railway line near the city of Mukden
Wanted to control China and its Asian Markets
They could use for economic prosperity and trading notes would be a key role for the spread of their imperialsim -
m1 semi automatic rifle & radar
M1- The design of the M1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their German & Japanese counterparts
Radar- Battle were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes, ships, or submarines, the radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night. -
war bonds
-Way to remove money from circulation as well as inflation
-People would buy bonds and the govt promised to repay them with interest after 10yrs or more
-Govt need the $ to pay for war equipment -
rosie the riveter
1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home. "Rosie the Riveter", star of a govt. campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for the munitions industry, became perhaps the most iconic image of working women during the war. -
douglas macauthor
Was an American five star general and field Marshall of the Philippine army he was chief of staff of the US army during the 1930s and during WWII led the island hopping commander of the allied forces in the southwest pacific -
waves
Women accepted for Volunteer Emergency Services was created in 1942 in response to the need for additional military personnel during WWII WAVES was an official part of the navy , its members held the same rank and ratings as male personnel WAVES could not serve aboard combat ships or aircraft and initially were restricted to activity in continental US. At the end of WWII there were over 8,000 female officers -
Bernard Montgomery
Senior British Army Officer in the African and European War
Commanded the British 8th army and 21st army during the Euro campaign
Was all over British Troops on June 6 1944 -
Erwin Rommel
Field Marshall
one of German's most popular generals during WWII on D-DAY he discussed with other officers about surrendering due to his ties to the plot ot overthrow Hitler he was murdered -
Omar Bradley
-Highly distinguished 4-star general of the U.S Army who saw distinguished service in North Africa and Western Europe during WWII
-From the Normandy landings of June 6,1944 through to the end of the war in Europe, he commanded all U.S ground forces invading Germany from the west
-Commanded 43 divisions w/ 1.3 million men -
rationing
-Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources and goods
-Rationing items were gasoline, tires, meat, butter and jellies
-People had to use "Rationing goods" which were issued to each family based on its size -
german expansion
the germany invasion of the weastern poland on 1september 1939 led to WW2.between 1939 and 1941 the germanarmy inavadwdand western poland led both britain and france to declare war on germany, and then began the war, because german invasions continued more of the countries declared war on the germans and thier allies whitchcaosed a interationak response of war -
isoroku yamamato
Japanese Marshall Admiral and commander in chief of the Combined Fleet
Played a vital role in Pearl Harbor (executed the surprise attack) which made Japan Victorious -
LLA
Written by President Woodrow Wilson in 1918's speech The Lend Lease Program provided for military aid to any countries defense that was vital the the US. Roosevelt lended Britain understanding that they would get paid back -
pearl harbor
December 7, 1941 two waves of Jap attack sank or securely damaged 18 U.S ships on the air fields, more than their air planes were damaged and destroyed, while the attack killed or injured almost 6,000 Americans. FDR said yesterday DEC a date which will live in infamy the USA was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air force of the empire of japan -
Executive Order 9066
Description-U.S presidential executive order signed & issued during WWII, by Franklin. D. Roosevelt authorized the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones, clearing the way for the deportation of JapAms
Cause-attack on Pearl Harbor led to growing suspicions largely by racism and fear abt loyalty of JapAms
Effect- Jap ancestry was classified as "enemy aliens", curfews were instituted and assets were frozen, JapAms were informed of future force removal -
Victory Garden
-as part of the war effort, the govt. rationed foods like sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat, and canned goods
-the govt. turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant "Victory Gardens"
-Gardens helped make sure enough food and supplies were available for home and the troops during WWII -
Flying Tigers
1st American Volunteer group of the Chinese Air Force
-Tigers primary mission was to protect the Burma Read connecting the vital port @ Rangoon w/ the rest of China
-Dec 20,1991- Tigers destroyed 4 Jap bombers
-Tigers had highest kill loss ratios of WWII -
Chester W. Nimitz
Leading the US Navy authority on submarines
he was the USA last surviving offer who ranked as a fleet admiral
admiral Chester was appointed commander in chief of the the US Pacific Fleet just after Pearl Harbor
He commanded US forces at the Battle of Midway
This battle headed the Japanese advance in the Pacific -
Dwight D. Einsenhower
-He was a supreme commander of allied forces
-Led the massive invasion of Nazi- occupied Europe that began on D-Day (June 6, 1944)
-Leading republicans convinced Eisenhower (then in command of NATO forces) in Europe to run for President -
George Marshall
-Secretary of state, George C. Marshall, proposed that massive aid be given to the countries of war-torn Europe to rebuild their economies
-Believed this aid would create strong European allies and trading partners for the U.S
-Plan included aid to Germany and Italy, in marred contrast to the policies of the voters following WWI
-Plan was successful and benefited the American economy in helping to rebuild war torn Europe -
George Patton
Led the U.S 7th army in its invasion of Sicily and swept across Northern France
-Patton's forces played a key role in defeating the German counterattack in the battle of bulge
-Patton died in Germany in December 1945 of injuries sustained in an automobile accident -
Korematsu v. United States
Korematsu was a Jap-American convicted of continuing to remain in a restricted area
He believed his constitutional rights were violated
Roosevelt ordered that constitutional liberties may be limited by wartime
The case went against the Executive Order 9066
50 yrs later congress apologized and payed reparations -
Potsdam Conference
Roosevelt from the US, Churchill from the UK, and Stalin from Russia met in Yalta
They agreed on the formation of the United Nations and that Germany would be divided into four zones occupied by Russia, UK, US, and France.
Free elections would also be allowed soon after differences began to emerge -
The US and European Countries
-In the US the war happened after the Great Depression
-30% fell to 5% after employment boost due to war
-European countries left to rebuild and the US lended money to the countries
-Germany was the only country to make full repayment in 1990 -
Women and Minority
-Men left for war, women stayed to work in factories
-After war men came back home to reclaim there jobs but the women didn't want to give them up which spurred the Feminist Movement
-Men of color fought in the war along side the whites for the 1x
-When they got back they were treated with the same racial slurs sparking the civil rights movement