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Axis
Germany, Italy,and Japan led a group of nations called the axis.
1930's the Nazi, leader Hitler tried to take revenge on the countries that defeated Germany in WWI and wanted world domination.
1930's Japan invaded Manchuria because it had a lot of raw materials.
wanted their own countries to grow and others to become weaker -
Japan Expansion
In September 1931 Japan army moved into Manchuria after an explosion damaged a railway line near the city of Mukden
Wanted to control China and it's Asian Markets
They could use for economic prosperity and trading notes would be a key role for the spread of their imperialism -
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Torpedoes, Bombing Raids, and Wolf Packs
Torpedoes were used to destroy submarines & ships from long distance, b/c bullets couldn't go far & do a lot of damage
Bombing raids were used to destroy anything in certain area, such as factories that produced military equipment in WWII
Wolf Packs were German Submarines that had mass-attack tactics against convoys. A group of ships, warships, and submarines that attack a certain target all at once -
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Volunteerism of WWII (Victory Corps)
Domestic Home front both girls and boys from white and African american school participated.
Physical fitness program enroll in war effort classes, volunteer one extracurricular wartime activity
War front efforts was to prepare high school students to aid in the war effort on the home front and frontiers. -
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Japan's War Expansion
Japan wished to replace European imperialism in Asia with the imperialism of an Asian power.
Places and Dates of Japan's invasion
Manchuria -1937
Southern Indochina -1942
Roosevelt froze Japanese assets in the US by cutting all trade with Japan -
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Volunteerism in wwII (red cross)
At home-
began blood donor services in America to produce life saving plasma for the armed forces, served in hospitals, produced emergency supplies, collected serape, ran victory gardens, and maintained training programs.
Overseas-
Became the chief providers of relief supplies in Europe; served as field directors, provided support for troops, operated clubs, and were attached to military hospitals. -
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Allied
Great Britain, United States, Soviet Union, and France led a group of nations called the Allied.
In 1941 congress voted that a state of was existed between US and Japan.
War caused by Germany expansionism England and France were unprepared for war.
When Hitler invaded Poland, WWII began -
Rationing
Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources & goods.
Rationing items were gasoline,tires,meat,butter, & jellies.
People had to use "Ration Goods" which were issued to each family based on it's size -
M1 Semi Automatic rifle& Radar
M1
The design of the M1 allowed the Americans to fire more shots against their German & Japanese counterparts
Radar
Battle were won by the side that was first to spot enemy airplanes,ships, or submarines, the radar helped see hundreds of miles away even at night. -
Civilian Defense Organization
Roosevelt set up the Office of Civilian Defense (OCD) to coordinate state and federal measures to protect civilans in war-related emergancy. The OCD organized the US citizens defense corps to recruit and train volunteers to perform essential tasks -
Rosie the Riveter
1945 nearly one out of every four married women worked outside the home. "Rosie the Riveter", star of a government campaign aimed at recruiting female workers for the munitions industry, became perhaps the most iconic image of working women during the war. -
War Bonds
Way to remove moeny 4m circulation as well as reduce inflation
People would buy Bonds& the gov. promised to return to them w/ interest after 10yrs or more.
Gov. needs the $ to pay for war equipment -
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Code Talkers
Navajo code talkers played a key role in the Pacific campaign. The American military needed an undecipherable code that could not be broken by the Japanese. The Navajo language is unwritten and extremely complex, American forces could transmit messages by the telephone and radio in a code that the Japanese were unable to break -
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WACS
Woment joined the new Women's Army Corps. (WACS) After basic training, most of these women took clerical jobs in the military. Women replaced jobs formerly held by men, such as shipbuilding and aircraft production. The idea was to have women fill jobs, held by men to send more men to war. Between 1941-1945 more than 6.5 million women entered the work force -
Lend Lease Act
Written by President Woodrew Wilson in 1918's speech. the lend lease program provided for military aid to any countries defense that was vital to the US. Roosevelt lended Britain understanding that they would get paid back -
Executive Order 9066
description-US presidential executive order signed&issued during WWII,by Franklin D. Roosevelt authorizing the secretary of war to prescribe certain areas as military zones,clearing the way for the deportation of Jap-Americans.cause-The attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 led to growing suspicions largely by racism&fear about the loyalty of Jap-Americans.Effect-Japanese ancestry was classified as "enemy aliens",Curfews were instituted and assets were frozen,1200,00 Japanese Americans were relocated. -
Bataan Death March
The Bataan Death March happened after the US surrender of the Bataan peninsula it affected the war in favor of the axis powers. Allied prisoners were forced to march 65 miles to prision camps, where thousands died for disease, mistreatment and starvation -
Battleof Midway
The battle of Midway pushed the war tided in favor of the allied powers, since it was one of the most decisive US victories against Japan
The US inflicted permanent damage on the Japanese Navy
this was the turning pain of US against Japan -
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U.S. Office of War Information
Responsibilities- control the content and imagery of was messages, make citizens aware of how they could help in the war effort
Activities- Produced radio programs, newsreels, asked citizens to contribute time and money, create products, conserve resources, donate, and stir up distrust to lower enemy and population morals to promote surrender. -
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Island Hopping
Island hopping was effecting the tide in favor of the allied powers b/c they kept pushing Japanese forces out of the Islands, through the offensive against the island of Guadalcanal in the Solomon Archipelago which had marred the beginning of "island hopping" fought between August 1942 & February 1943, eventually succeed in forcing Japan to relinquish the island. -
Victory Gardens
As part of the war effort, the government rationed foods like sugar, butter, milk, cheese, eggs, coffee, meat, and canned goods.
The government turned to its citizens and encouraged them to plant "victory gardens"
Gardens help make sure enough food and supplies were available for home and the troops during WWII. -
WAVES
Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergancy Service (WAVES) was created in 1942 in response to the need for additional military personnel during WWII. WAVES were an official part of the navy, it's members held the same rank and ratings as male personnel. WAVES could not serve aboard combat ships or aircraft, and initally were restricted to duty in the continental US. At the end of WWII, there were over 8,000 female officers -
Flying Tigers
1st American Volunteer group of the Chinese Air Force
Tigers primary mission was to protect the Burma rd. connecting the vital port @ Rangoon w/ the rest of China
Dec 20, 1941- Tigers destroyed 4 Jap. Bombers
Tigers had Highest kill-loss Ratios of WW2 -
Bernard Montgomery
Senior British Army officer in the African and European war (theater)
Commanded the British 8th army and 21st Army during the euro. campaign
Was over all British Troops on June 6 1944 "D-day" -
Erwin Rommel
Field Marshal Erwin Rommel was one of German's most popular generals during WWII. On "D-day" he discussed with other officers about surrendering,. Due to his ties to the plot to over throw Hitler, he was murdered. -
Isoroku Yamamato
Japanese Marshal Admiral and Commander in Chief of the combined fleet
played a vital role (executed the surprise attack) in Pearl Harbor which made Japan victorious. -
Chester W. Nimitz
Was leading the US Army authority on submarines
He was the USA last surviving officer who ranked as a fleet admiral
Admiral Chester was appointed commander-in chief of the US Pacific fleet just after Pearl Harbor
He commanded US forces at the battle of midway
This battle halted the Japanese advance in the Pacific -
Douglas McAuthur
American 5 star general and field Marshall of the Philippine Army
McAuthur was chief of staff during WWII
Led the US Army in "Island Hopping" the south West Pacific Campaign -
Omar Bradley
Was a highly distinguished 4 star general of the US army who saw distingushed service in North Africa, and Western Europe during WWII
From the Normandy landings of June 6, 1944 through to end of the war in Europe, he commanded all US grand forces invading Germany from the west
Commanded 43 divisions with 1.3 million men -
George Marshall
Secretary of state, George C. Marshall, proposed that massive aid be given to the countries of war-torn Europe to rebuild their economies.
Believed this aid would create strong European allies and trading partners for the US.
Plan included aid to Germany+Italy, in marred contrast to the policies of the voters following WWI
Plan was successful and benefited the American economy in helping rebuild war torn Europe -
Dwight D. Eisenhower
He was supreme commander of allied forces
Led massive invasions of nazi-occupied europe that began on D-day (June 6,1944)
Leading republician convince Eisenhower (then in command of Nato forces in Europe) to run for president -
George Patton
Led the US 7th army in it's invasion of sicily and swept across Northern Frace
Patton's forces played a key role in defeating the german counterattack in the battle of bulge
Patton died in Germany in december 1945 of injuries sustained in an automobile accident. -
D-day
Effected the war tide for the Allies positively o/c the battle foreshadowed the end of Hitler's dream of Nazi domination. D-day was the largest air, land, and sea operation undertaken the landing included over 5,000 ships, 11,00 airplanes, and over 150,00 service men. By the end the Allies had reached the Seine River, Pans was liberated and the Germans had been removed from Northwestern France, effectively concluding the battle of Normandy -
Korematsu V United States
Korematsu was a Japanese-American convinced of staying in a restricted area
He believed his constitutional rights were violated
Roosevelt ordered that constitutional liberties may be limited during war time
This was against the Executive order 9066
50 years later congress apologized and payed reparation to Jap-americans -
Potsdam Conference
Roosevelt from the US, Churchill from the UK, and Stalin from Russia met in Yalta. They agreed on the formation of the United Nations. They also agreed that Germany would be divided into four zones. The zones were occupied by Russia, England, US, France. Free elections were also allowed. Soon after differences began to emerge. -
The US AND European countries
In the US the war happened after the Great Depression. 30% unemployment was cut down to less than 5% after the employment boost due to the war. The European countries were left to rebuild. The US lended money to the countries, and Germany was the only country to fully pay it back in 1990. -
Women and Minority
While the men went to fight in the war the women were left to work in the factories. After the war men came back to reclaim their positions at factories but the women didn't want to give them up. Spuring up the Feministic movement. In the war men of color fought along side white men for the first time. When they got back from the war they were treated with the same racial slurs. Sparking the civil rights movement. -
Fair Deal
Intended to do-
Was intend to enact policies consistent with Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal
Effect US economy-
No health care or help for homeowners
President Truman's veto of the anti-labor union
Taft-Hartley act was over ride by congress
Most of President Truman's Fair Deal programs did not pass -
Tuskegee Airmen
African American military pilots (fighters & bombers) who fought in WWII
1st Black service men to serve as military aviators in US armed forces
US air force did not exist as a separate entity. the army using black men as pilots but, in response to a pending lawsuit concede to creating a segregated unit for them -
Pearl Harbor
December 7,1941, two waves of Japanese attack a\sank or severely damaged 18 us ships on the air fields, more than 260 air planes were damaged or destroyed, while the attack allied or injuried almost