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He theorized that all material bodies were made up of "atoms"
He was living around the time Aristotle was alive and he actually disagreed with his theories.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Democritus -
He thought atoms were derived from the 4 basic Greek elements but he theorized a 5th one, ether. He was also Aristotle's teacher.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Plato -
They tried to manipulate matter and change one element to another
Their study also included philosophy. It started in as old as Ancient Egypt but the exact date is unknown
https://www.britannica.com/topic/alchemy -
He claimed everything was made up of a single universal matter. He published books detailing matter's composition in 1661
He also published Boyle's law
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Boyle -
Made an experiment which led to the law of conservation of mass, which stated atoms could not be made or destroyed. He also coined the term "oxygen" for the gas we know today. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Antoine-Lavoisier#ref218476 -
He made a theory that atoms who were the same repelled each other and that atoms who weren't the same didn't.
He also is best known for Dalton's law
https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-Dalton -
Proposed by John Dalton
https://www.cram.com/essay/The-Evolution-Of-Atoms-The-Billiard-Ball/FCUK5JMEMG -
He stated his hypothesis of gases which claimed equal volumes of all gases at the same pressure and temperature have the same amount of molecules. He also rarely left his hometown of Turin, Italy.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Amedeo-Avogadro -
Devised the Periodic table system where the elements were arranged in order of atomic weight. He was a professor of chemistry at the university of St. Petersburg. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Dmitri-Mendeleev -
Discovered the electro. He proposed a model consisting of positive and negatively charged atoms. https://www.britannica.com/biography/J-J-Thomson -
Conducted pioneering research on radioactivity. They discovered Radium and Polonium. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Pierre-Curie
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marie-Curie -
Proposed by William Thomson, strongly supported by J.J. Thompson
https://www.britannica.com/science/Thomson-atomic-model -
He mathematically proved the existence of atoms, he developed his most famous formula, E=mc^2 which just means energy and mass are the same just in different forms. He also won the Nobel Prize in Physics 1921
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Albert-Einstein -
He discovered the charge carried by an electron (Negative). He also won the Nobel Prize in Physic 1923. He also discovered the Photoelectric effect.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Robert-Millikan -
He discovered that the atom is mostly empty space with everything packed into a small nucleus. He won the Nobel Prize in 1908.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Ernest-Rutherford -
Proposed the model of an atom which the electrons were limited to an orbit. He also won a Nobel Prize in Physics 1922
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Niels-Bohr#ref280690 -
Discovered that elements are different due to their atomic number. He discovered 4 elements- technetium, promethium, rhenium, hafnium. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-Moseley -
Proposed by Niels Bohr
https://www.britannica.com/science/Bohr-model -
He used a self-made equation to calculate the wave function of a quantum mechanical system- like how an electron evolves. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics 1933. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Erwin-Schrodinger -
Proposed by Erwin Schrodinger
https://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/jh/physical/atomictheory/lesson1/atomic1g.html -
He discovered the uncertainty principle, it states that a particle's position and momentum cannot both be known exactly. He also won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1932. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Werner-Heisenberg -
He discovered the neutron. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1935. https://www.britannica.com/biography/James-Chadwick