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430 BCE
Democritus of ancient greece
Democritus proclaims the atom to be the simplest unit of matter. All matter was composed of atoms, He theorized that all material bodies are made up of indivisibly small “atoms.” -
300 BCE
Aristotle
Aristotle declares the existence of only four elements: fire, air, water and earth. All matter is made up of these four elements and matter had four properties: hot, cold, dry and wet -
300 BCE
Electromagnetic force
Chinese civilization discovered the electromagnetic force.
Between the 3rd and 1st century BC: the Greek civilization, at the hands of Aristotle conceived the notions of the four elements, as vital ingredients of everything that existed in the form of matter in the universe. -
300 BCE
The Advent of the Alchemists
Influenced by Aristotle's ideas, alchemists attempted to transmute cheap metals to gold. The substance used for this conversion was called the Philosopher's Stone. -
1300
Failure of the gold bussines
Although Pope John XXII issued an edict against gold-making, the gold business continued. Despite the alchemists' efforts, transmutation of cheap metals to gold never happened within this time period. -
1520
Elixir of Life
Alchemists not only wanted to convert metals to gold, but they also wanted to find a chemical concoction that would enable people to live longer and cure all ailments. This elixir of life never happened either. -
1520
Iatrochemistry
The Modern Age is inaugurated with the advent of Iatrochemistry, of Paracelsus's hand creates the union of chemical and medical principles, in obtaining medicines that come to cure the human being. -
Death Alchemy
The disproving of Aristotle's four-elements theory and the publishing of the book, The Skeptical Chemist (by Robert Boyle), combined to destroy this early form of chemistry. -
Coulomb's Law
Charles Coulomb discovered that given two particles separated by a certain distance, the force of attraction is directly proportional to the product of the two charges and inversely proportional to the distance between the two charges. -
Phlogiston Theory
Johann J. Beecher believed in a substance called phlogiston. When a substance is burned, phlogiston was supposedly added from the air to the flame of the burning object. In some substances, a product is produced. -
FAHRENHEIT
Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit achieves the manufacture of an alcohol thermometer, and later achieves total success with the manufacture of the first mercury thermometer. -
LAVOISIER
Antoine Lavoisier promulgates his Law of Conservation of Matter, ending Alchemy, which since the Middle Ages sought to obtain the formula to make gold, leading to inaugurating the conception of Modern Chemistry. -
Disproving of the Phlogiston Theory
Joseph Priestley heated calx of mercury, collected the colorless gas and burned different substances in this colorless gas. Priestley called the gas "dephlogisticated air", but it was actually oxygen. It was Antoine Lavoisier who disproved the Phlogiston Theory. He renamed the "dephlogisticated air" oxygen when he realized that the oxygen was the part of air that combines with substances as they burn. Because of Lavoisier's work, Lavoisier is now called the "Father of Modern Chemistry -
Dalton's Atomic Theory
John Dalton publishes his Atomic Theory which states that all matter is composed of atoms, which are small and indivisible. -
HUMPHRY DAVY
Humphry Davy discovers that electricity turns chemicals. Using batteries I separate potassium and elemental sodium into calcium, strontium, barium and magnesium -
AVOGADRO
Amedeo Avogadro finds that the atoms of the elements combine to form molecules. Establishes the number of molecules present in a gas at constant temperature and pressure -
Wohler
Friedrich Wöhler manages to synthesize urea (an organic compound) from an inorganic compound, a fact that also manages to overturn the prevailing theory of the Life Force. This moment is also taken as the beginning of the division that currently prevails between Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry. -
KIRCHHOFF Y BUNSEN
Humphry Davy discovers that electricity converts chemicals. Using batteries, I separate potassium and elemental sodium into calcium, strontium, barium, and Gustav Kirchhoff and Robert Bunsen find that each element absorbs or emits light at specific wavelengths, producing specific spectra of magnesium. -
Vacume tube
Heinrich Geissler creates the first vacuum tube. -
MENDELEYEV
Mendeleev publishes his Periodic Table, which contains all the elements discovered so far, which also stands out for having ordered the elements according to their atomic weight. -
Cathode Rays
William Crookes created a glass vacuum tube which had a zinc sulfide coating on the inside of one end, a metal cathode imbedded in the other end and a metal anode in the shape of a cross in the middle of the tube. When electricity was run through the apparatus, an image of the cross appeared and the zinc sulfide glowed. that there must have been rays coming from the cathode which caused the zinc sulfide to fluoresce and the cross to create a shadow and these were called cathode rays. -
The Proton
Eugene Goldstein discovered positive particles, The positive particle had a charge equal and opposite to the electron, had a mass of 1.66E-24 grams or one atomic mass unit. The positive particle was named the proton. -
Oil
The world economy is in effervecence, product of the discovery of oil. The industry is rapidly evolving to learn and implement advanced chemical processes that facilitate extraction, refining, and processing. -
X-rays
Wilhelm Roentgen accidentally discovered x-rays while researching the glow produced by cathode rays. -
Pitchblend
Henri Becquerel was studying the fluorescence of pitchblend when he discovered a property of the pitchblend compound. Pitchblend gave a fluorescent light with or without the aid of sunlight -
The electron and its properties
J.J. Thomson found that the cathode rays were negatively charged and that each charge had a mass ratio of 1.759E8 coulombs per gram. He concluded that all atoms have this negative charge and he renamed the cathode rays electrons.His model of the atom showed a sphere of positively charged material with negative electrons stuck in it. Thomson received the 1906 Nobel Prize in physics. -
Radioactive elements
Marie Curie discovered uranium and thorium within pitchblend. She then continued to discover two previously unknown elements: radium and polonium.She received two nobel prizes for her discovery; one was in chemistry while the other was in physics. -
Wesley
Jonh Wesley cerates the first sintetic plastic -
Chromatography
The Russian botanist Mikhail Tsvet invents a technique to separate substances contained in plants, this technique would later be used to separate complex mixtures -
Atomic Nucleus
Ernest Rutherford developed the theory of the atomic nucleus. The atom contains in its center a very tiny nucleus, which is positively charged and contains all the protons -
Mass of the Electron
Using Thomson's mass ration, Millikan found the mass of one electron to be 9.11E-28 grams. Millikan received the 1932 Nobel Prize in Physics for this discovery. -
Three Types of Radioactivity
Ernest Rutherford sent a radioactive source through a magnetic field.Thus, there were three types of radioactivity: alpha particles (+), beta particles (-) and gamma rays (neutral).The Thomson model was thrown out after the introduction of the Rutherford model. -
Three Types of Radioactivity
Ernest Rutherford sent a radioactive source through a magnetic field, here were three types of radioactivity: alpha particles (+), beta particles (-) and gamma rays (neutral). -
Protons within a Nucleus
Henry Moseley attempts to use x-rays to determine the number of protons in the nucleus of each atom. He was unsuccessful because the neutron had not been discovered yet. -
Insuline
Medical science lives a great advance with the production of insulin, which begins to be produced in mass, for the treatment of people with diabetes -
The neutron
James Chadwick discovers the neutron. -
Neutron Bombardment and Nuclear Fission
Enrico Fermi bombards elements with neutrons and produces elements of the next highest atomic number. Nuclear fission occurred when Fermi bombarded uranium with neutrons. He received the 1938 Nobel Prize in physics. -
Artificial Radioactive Elements
Irene Curie and Frederic Joliot-Curie discovered that radioactive elements could be created artificially in the lab with the bombardment of alpha particles on certain elements. They were given the 1935 Nobel Prize. -
Muller
Muller implements the use of DDT, effectively eliminating some pests that threatened crops and even human life, through the transmission of diseases, such as malaria, typhus, among others. -
Manhattan Project
Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi both warned the United States about Germany's extensive research on atomic fission reaction. Below the football field at the University of Chicago, the United States developed the very first working nuclear fission reactor. The Manhattan Project was in process. -
ADN estructure
James Dewey Watson and Francis Crick propose the structure of DNA, saying that it is made up of a double helix. -
Nitrogen Bomb
The nitrogen bomb is launched, which causes millions of deaths, proving the great power of atomic energy -
Modern Chemestry
Genetic engineering advances by leaps and bounds, since 2004 it has been experimented with cloned embryos, to obtain stem cells, which are cultivated and used in various medical procedures, which seek the regeneration and cure of certain diseases. -
Period: to
Expoplanets
NASA's Kepler space telescope. Between 2009 and 2018, it detected more than 2,700 confirmed exoplanets, -
Homo naeldi
Lee Berger discovered a distant ancestor named Australopithecus sediba. Five years later, he announced that the Cradle of Humankind cave complex in South Africa contained the fossils of a new species: Homo naledi, -
Electron Sintesis
The scientists were able to entangle electrons at a distance of 1.3 kilometers and clues were obtained that there are actually hidden variables that determine the state of quantum particles, without the need for this remote influence. -
Period: to
Ebola vaccine
To respond to the 2014-2016 Ebola outbreak in West Africa, public health authorities and the pharmaceutical company Merck accelerated the manufacture of rVSV-ZEBOV, an experimental Ebola vaccine. Following a highly successful field trial in 2015, the European authorities approved the vaccine in 2019, -
broadening of reproductive boundaries
In 2016, a team of doctors announced the birth of a "baby with three parents" from the father's sperm, the mother's cell nucleus and a donor egg from which the nucleus was extracted. -
Bio fuel
The scientists of the SOLETAIR project have just achieved the production of the first 200 liters of synthetic fuel from solar energy and carbon dioxide in the air, using the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. -
Period: to
Covid Vaccine
With the new global pandemic Cientists start producciong the covid vaccine in 2020 and know it aproved in 2021 like phizer version
