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THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM
After enduring French colonial rule for too long, Ho Chi Minh (President of the Communist Party) declares independence from France. He announces the creation of THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM. He was president of North Vietnam from 1945 to 1969. -
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BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHU
The BATTLE OF DIEN BIEN PHU was marked as the end of the First Indochina War. (Vietnam vs. France) The war was marked as a final victory against French colonial rule. This war enlightened peace negotiations more. -
CREATION OF THE 17TH PARALLEL
THE 17TH PARALLEL was a military line sectioning off North and South Vietnam. It was created and established by the Geneva Accords. The line separated the French and Viet Minh military forces. -
NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT
The NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT was a movement that aimed to overthrow the South Vietnamese government. They wanted to overthrow their government to reunify Vietnam into one piece. The leader of the NLF was Hua Tho, a non-Marxist, Saigon lawyer. (even though the number of communist supporters in the NLF was large) -
GULF OF TONKIN INCIDENT
On AUGUST 2ND, 1964, North Vietnamese torpedo boats attacked a U.S naval ship. (USS Maddox) On an intelligence mission, the USS Maddox was there in Tonkin Gulf, the Vietnamese boats shooting warning shots toward the U.S. Naval ships. It was considered a controversial event, people thinking it was fabricated in some way. -
GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION
Congress passed THE GULF OF TONKIN RESOLUTION. It authorized President Johnson to take any actions he can to maintain international peace in southeast Asia. This meant that the U.S had a more prominent affect in the war between North and South Vietnam. -
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OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER
OPERATION ROLLING THUNDER was a campaign manufactured by the U.S. It aimed to force Ho Chi Minh to abandon his takeover of South Vietnam. This campaign was a military air bombing campaign. -
US TROOPS ARRIVE IN VIETNAM
3,500 US TROOPS ARRIVE IN VIETNAM to protect the U.S. airbase in Da Nang. More than 6,000 Americans were killed during this event, alongside 61,000 Vietcong soldiers. (the draft call for this was the largest since the Korean War) -
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TET OFFENSIVE
TET OFFENSIVE was a coordinated series of attacks on South Vietnam, including attacking more than 100 cities and South Vietnamese outposts. These attacks were manufactured by North Vietnam. Around 85,00 troops were involved in TET OFFENSIVE. This event marked the first turning point in favor of North Vietnam. -
MY LAI MASSACRE
American soldiers brutally killed and assaulted many women, children, and old men in MY LAI. More than 500 people in the village were slaughtered, and women and young girls were raped and mutilated before they were killed by American troops. This is marked as one of the vilest and horrific events in the Vietnam War. -
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1968 DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION
The 1968 DEMOCRATIC NATIONAL CONVENTION was held in Chicago, Illinois. Phil Ochs, Yippie leader, and other activists held their own presidential nominating convention. Their candidate was an actual pig. This lead to 10 policemen arresting Phil, alongside other members partaking in thee convention. -
1968 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION
Vice President Richard Nixon (prior to the election) won the 1968 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION, defeating both the Democratic and American Independent Party nominees. Nixon won with a landslide of 301 votes, Humphrey (the nominee for the Democratic party) having 191. -
TINKER V. DES MOINES
Students at a school in Des Moines, Iowa, protested against the Vietnam War by wearing black arm bands. Some students were suspended from school because of the 'distraction' this silent protest had to other students. The students took this to court, their freedom of speech protecting their right to protest. -
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WOODSTOCK 1969
WOODSTOCK 1969 was a 3-day event that included peace and many musicians playing their songs about peace and love. There were more than 400,000 attendees. 32 acts played in those 3 days, and despite the weather conditions they continued on. 109 people were arrested on those days. -
KENT STATE UNIVERSITY PROTEST
A group of students from KENT STATE UNIVERSITY was protesting the Vietnam War. Four of the students protesting were killed by members of the Ohio National Guard. This event changed the course of politics in the U.S., also causing many colleges and universities to temporarily close. Many people believe that this was the beginning of the end of Nixon's presidency. -
JACKSON STATE COLLEGE PROTEST
on May 14th, 1970, two students from JACKSON STATE COLLEGE were shot down during a protest. The students of that college were protesting the U.S. invasion of Cambodia. At around midnight on the 14th, the state police shot the protesters. Alongside the two killed students, twelve were injured. -
LEAKED PENTAGON PAPERS
The PENTAGON PAPERS (otherwise known as 'History of U.S. Decision-Making in Vietnam, 1945–68") were leaked on JUNE 13TH, 1972. These papers included plans and war strategies for the Vietnam War. These documents changed Americans' perspective on the U.S., many presidents lying about their involvement in the war; -
WATERGATE
WATERGATE is the uprising controversy and scandal of President Richard Nixon's involvement in the break-ins at the Democratic National Committee Headquarters. His continuous attempts at covering up his involvement made way to the press, his image was damaged at every attempt. This scandal lead to Nixon's resignation. -
1973 PARIS PEACE ACCORDS
The 1973 PEACE ACCORDS was a treaty that officially ended the Vietnam War, restoring peace in Vietnam. This document pledged to cease fire and attacks, remove U.S. troops, and release all prisoners. This was the beginning of the end of the Vietnam War. -
UNITED STATES VS. NIXON
UNITED STATES VS. NIXON was a court case involving the Supreme Court and President Richard Nixon. This case involved NIxon keeping information and documents from the court, their decision making Nixon make those documents and information present to everyone. These documents were called THE WHITE HOUSE TAPES. -
FALL OF SAIGON
The South Vietnamese capital of SAIGON fell to Northern Vietnamese troops, Finally and officially ending the Vietnam War. U.S troops, before the fall, evacuated thousands of American and South Vietnamese people, 108 of the soldiers killed. The U.S. lost the Vietnam War.