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Vancomycin was first isolated at Eli Lilly, from a soil sample collected from the interior jungles of Borneo by a missionary.
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Enterococci began to be recognized as common causes of hospital-acquired infections.
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Enterococci was given its own genus identity.
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Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was first isolated in France.
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Discovered VRE was mostly found in large hospitals
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The first report of isolation of vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium in England.
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The first outbreak in the United States of VRE.
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A novel vancomycin resistance gene designated vanD was first discovered in a New York Hospital.
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Reports have shown that enterococci, including VRE, can be spread by direct patient-to-patient contact, contaminated environmental surfaces, or patient care equipment.
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From 1989 to 1993, the percentage of enterococcal tests that were found positive for VRE in the US went from 0.3 percent to 7.9 percent.
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VanA-resistant E. faecium was isolated from frozen poultry,pork and feces.
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Disposable cover gowns worn by personnel who care for VRE patients have shown to be contaminated with the patient's organism.
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Transmission of VRE by health care workers whose hands became contaminated with the organism while caring for affected patients was found to be the most common mode of nosocomial transmission.
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VRE caused around 1 of every 3 infections in hospital intensive-care units, according to the CDC.
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US reported seven cases of Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection.
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VRSA and MRSA were cultured from a right plantar foot wound of a 48-year-old patient.
