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Vancomycin
Vancomycin was first isolated at Eli Lilly, from a soil sample collected from the interior jungles of Borneo by a missionary. -
Enterococci- hospital acquired infection
Enterococci began to be recognized as common causes of hospital-acquired infections. -
VRE
Enterococci was given its own genus identity. -
First Outbreak
Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus was first isolated in France. -
Large Hospitals
Discovered VRE was mostly found in large hospitals -
Vancomycin- resistant E. faecalis
The first report of isolation of vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis and E. faecium in England. -
First VRE Outbreak in the US
The first outbreak in the United States of VRE. -
VanD
A novel vancomycin resistance gene designated vanD was first discovered in a New York Hospital. -
Transmission through equipment
Reports have shown that enterococci, including VRE, can be spread by direct patient-to-patient contact, contaminated environmental surfaces, or patient care equipment. -
Positive enterococcal tests percentage
From 1989 to 1993, the percentage of enterococcal tests that were found positive for VRE in the US went from 0.3 percent to 7.9 percent. -
VanA-resistant E. faecium
VanA-resistant E. faecium was isolated from frozen poultry,pork and feces. -
Transmission through gown
Disposable cover gowns worn by personnel who care for VRE patients have shown to be contaminated with the patient's organism. -
Transmission by health care workers
Transmission of VRE by health care workers whose hands became contaminated with the organism while caring for affected patients was found to be the most common mode of nosocomial transmission. -
Hospital Infections
VRE caused around 1 of every 3 infections in hospital intensive-care units, according to the CDC. -
VRSA
US reported seven cases of Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) infection. -
Portal of Entry
VRSA and MRSA were cultured from a right plantar foot wound of a 48-year-old patient.
