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benito mossalini
italian politician, journalist and leader of the national facist party, set up legal dictatorship -
stalin
communism leader of soviet union, took part of russian revolution brought communism -
japan
stretched from china to micronesia, japan
would grow during ww2 extending as far as australia
invaded manchuria, china in sept 1931
japanese and china clash in 1937
captured the city of nanjing and large part of chinese coast
in 1937 committed nanjing massacare -
adolf hitler
germany dictatorship, german politician leader of the nazi party as effective dictator of nazi germany, hitler was at the centre of the ww2 in europe and the holocaust -
germany
german troops entered austria on march 12, 1938 and annexed it
on march 15, 1939 moved against the czechosbak state
on march 23, 1939 german troops occupied memel
sept 1939, germany invaded poland
15 countries were taken over
america passed the lend-lease act (march 11, 1941)
american funded many countries (britian, soviet union, china& many others)
allied powers made germany surrender -
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WACS (womens army corps)
over 150,000 american women served in the WAC during ww2. They supplied additional resources so desperatley needed in the military and industrial sectors. they made a major contribution to the national war effort -
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WAVES (women accepted for volunteer emergency service)
they were an official part of the navy
they became naval air navigates aviation machanist and technicians. they operated bombs (code breaking) and clerical work. -
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allied powers
allies consisted-u.s, britian, ussr, australia, belgium, brazil, canada, china, denamrk, greece, netherlands, norway poland.
leaders-wisnston, churchhill, roosevelt, joseph stalin and charles de gavile.
formed to beat axis powers
many countries joined after several major events including german invasions of poland, u.s attack of pearl harbor, & d-day invasion (invasion of normandy) -
rationing
regulated the amount of goods that americans could obtain
introduced to avoid public anger over shortages -
axis powers
axis powers was an alliance made between germany, italy and japan. leaders were adolf hitler(germany), benito mussolini(italy) and emperor hirohito(japan). they formed to protect each other incase any of them were attcaked by another country and they also had the mutual desire for expansion. -
radar
1940's radar helped send out a radio and signalising the reflected wave after it bounced or any object in the air. the allies were able to stop bombing raids since they could spot the enemy faster "radio detection and ranging" -
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tuskegee airmen
were the first black service men to serve as military aviators in the u.s armed forces, flying w destinction during ww2
they made a pioneer contribution to the war and a drive to end radical segregation in the u.s armed forces. -
war bonds
debt securities issued by a govt to finance military operations and other expenditure in times of war. Also removed money from circulation which helped control inflation -
lend lease program
in 1941 pres roosevelt proposed the lend ;ease act to lend, lease or sell war material to "any country whose defense the president deems viral to the defense of the u.s"
lets country borrow tanks and if came back semi-messed up they would charge a lease and if came back completely destroyed the u.s sold it to them
the lend lease act helped the u.s come back from the great depression and get back on its feet. -
red cross
the red cross was the cheif provider of relief supplies for the civilian victims of conflict(war)
february 1941 the red cross responded to a request to begin a blood donor drive service for the armed foces. -
pearl harbor
was a surprise military strike conducted by the imperial japanese navy agaisnt the u.s naval base
deaths:more than 2,300 americans
damage: 1,178 military civilians wounded, completely destrpyed the american battleship uss arizona and capsized the uss oklahoma. sank 12 ships and 160 aircraft were destroyed
pres roosevelt famous quote "day of infamy" - yesterday dec 7, 1941, a day which will live in infamy" -
flying tigers
the 1st american voluteer group of chinese air force in 1941-1942 nicknames the flying tigers, comprised pilots from the u.s army air corps. these polits destroyed almost 300 japanese aircraft in china. -
executive order 9066
after the bombing of pearl harbor by the japanese roosevelt addressed the nations fear of further attack or sabotage and passed the executive order 9066 permitting military commanders to require japanese americans to relocate
the japanese were removed from the west coast (where a majority of them lived) and placed them into internment camps for two years. Italians and germans were also affected and some even forced back to germany -
rosie the riveter
'rosie the riveter' was the iconic image in a govt campaign during ww2 aiming to recruit female workers to fill jobs formely held by men so more men could be sent into combat. -
george patton
was a u.s army general who commanded the seventh u.s. army in the mediterranean and european theaters of ww2
ranked 4 star
involved in invasion of normandy -
code talkers
the name code talkers is strongly asociated w bilingual navejo speakers specially recruited in ww2 by the marines to serve in the pacific. their service improved the speed of encryption of communication during ww2 and this code was never broken during ww2 -
douglas macarthur
american five star general and feild marshal of the phillipine army. he was cheif and staff of the u.s army during the 1930's and played a prominent in the pacific theater during ww2. -
omar bradley
u.s army feild commander in north africa and europe during ww2. he commanded 43 divisions and 1.3 million men, the largest body of american soldiers to serve under a u.s feild commander. -
higging boats
ofiicialy known as LCVP or landing craft vehicle personnel, were amphibious boats that made the landing on the shores of normandy possible.
Dr.stephens and pres roosevelt said that "higgings won the war for us" -
torpedos
it was a cigar shaped self-prpelled underwater missile designed to be fired from a ship or submarine or dropped into the water from an aircraft to explode on reaching a target. -
improved submarine warfare
it was harder to detect. they traveled in packs of 3(wolf pack) even when they got detected it gave mixed signals so they could miss the boat. they could also stay underwater longer. -
isoyoko yomamato
japanese marshal admiral and commander in cheif during pearl harbor. famous quote was "i fear all we have done is to awaken a sleeping giant and kill him with a terrible resolve." -
bataan march
prisoners were forced to undertake a 60 mile march through the jungle. prisoners faced starvation, disease,exposure to the sun and no water
about 5,000 of the americans almost half died along the way. -
george marshall
american soldier and statesmen famous for his leadership roles during ww2 and the cold war. he was cheif of staff of the u.s army, secretary of state and third secretary of defense. -
dwight d eisenhower
was the 34th president of the u.s from 1953-1961
he was a five star general in the u.s army during ww2 and served as supreme commander of the armed forces in europe. -
battle of midway
result of the battle of coral sea a decisive episode in the struggle for naval hegemony in the pacific ocean
fought almost entirely by aircraft
destroyed japans naval strength when the americans destroyed 4 of its aircraft carriers. -
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u.s office of war info
it was created to consolidate govt info services
among its wide-rangling responsibilities was the production of pro-allied, anti-axis (germany, italy, japan) propaganda such as movies and posters to make cities aware of how they could help in the war effort -
victory corps
the victory corps is a rpogram that provided training to highschool students during ww2
this program focused on skills relevant to war. -
victory gardens
during ww2 the govt started rationing food
the govt encoraged citizens to create "victory gardens" to grow their own fruits and vegetables in war effort to make sure there was enough food supply for civilians and for troops over seas. -
supreme court case korematsu vs u.s
summary-fred korematsu refused to obey the wartime order to leave his home and report to a relocation camp. he was arrested and convicted. he appealed to the surpeme court and challenged the constitutionality of the executive order 9066
the supreme court upheld the order excluding persons of japanese ancestry from the west coast war zone during ww2. 3 out of 9 justices disagreed. -
bernard montgomery
montgomery took command of the eighth army and became knows for his first major allied victory at El alamein egypt.
he was also the senior british military commander at D-Day(invasion of normandy) and retained that position until the war ended. -
invasion of normandy (D-Day)
the invasion was one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history. the invasion on the beaches along a 50 mile stretch. resulted in the liberation of paris, seine river and normandy. -
erwin rommel
defense agaisnt a allied invasion(D-Day)
known as desert fox-german feild marshal of ww2
an assasination attempt against adolf hitler july 20 1944 failed. rommel was then offered prison instead of trial. -
m-1 semi automatic rifle
1st semi automatic rifle used throughout all allied forces -
nuclear weapons
president truman was the first to drop the two bombs "little boy" and "fat man" on the cities hiroshima and nagasaki. they didnt want to invade japanese -
bombing raids
was sustained attacks on railroads, harbors, destroying cities and industrial districts in the enemy territory. Bombing raids is a military strategy -
liberation
americans were the first to liberate concentration camps
halfstarved, dehydrated, disease ridden prisoners
concentration camps were built all over aurope jews were killed w poison gas and bodies were burned in large ovens. -
chester w nimitz
known as commander of the u.s pacific fleet in ww2
he was the leading u.s navy authorative submarines u.s last serving offiver who served in the rank of fleet. -
results of ww2
effects- fast growing area of investment following the war. Wholesale and retail trade benefited from the new highway system, distribution warehouse and material handling equipments.
-Trucking industry grew greatly due to highways
industries that created or greatly expanded -
women and minorities
women started taking mans role in society.
many women took jobs that were mainly occupied by men, working in the aircraft industry and weapons manufacturing. Women demonstrated a sense of empowerment by doing jobs that men did. African americans replaced some of the men that left to war. One million african americans served in the army. Mexican americans fought in all the major campaigns but were still discriminated at home and in the war. -
president trumans 'Fair deal'
purpose: fair deal recommended that all americans have health insurance, that the minimum wage be increased and that by law all americans be guaranteed casual rights. It also passed the National Housing Act of 1949.
Effect on the U.S. economy was making more money, better health and affordable housing which helped the economy. -
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diwght d eisenhower
34th president
5 star general in u.s army and ww2
served as a supreme commander of allied forces in europe
responsible for planning invasion in europe (D-Day)