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Period: Jan 1, 1150 to
Manchus Empire
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-Refered to as the Federation of North Eastern Asian people
-Established both the Qing and Jin Dynasties and overthrew the Ming Dynasty -
Period: Jul 27, 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
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-Founded in Anatolia by Turkish tribes(Osman-Bey)
-Conquered Constantinople under the control of Mehmed II
-Was one of the most powerful empire in the 15th annd 16th centuries -
Period: Jan 1, 1340 to
Songhai Empire
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-Was a Muslim empire
-Quite large reaching from the Atlantic to Hausa
-Derived it's wealth and played a key role in Sub-Saharn trade
-Came after Mali, becoming one of the largest African empires
-Capital city of Gao -
Period: Mar 4, 1394 to Nov 13, 1460
Prince Herny the Navigator
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-Dedicated most of his life to promoting exploration
-Was never a true navigator
-Established schools at Sagres that taught about navigation and exploration
-Developed new technologies to make sailing easier
-Wanted to spread Christianity and launch a crusade against the Ottomans to obtain the Holy Lands -
Jan 1, 1440
Beginning of Portuguese Slave Trade
-First return of finances from the explorations came from this
-The first African slaves came from the raids held on the north western coast of Africa in the 1440s
-Over 80,00 Africans were captured here to be used as slaves and soon rose nearing the end of the century
-Used because the Europeans lacked workers -
Period: Jan 1, 1444 to Sep 1, 1446
First Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror
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-Reigned as ruler of the Ottomans twice, first between 1444-1446 and then again in 1451-1481
-Under his rule the Ottomans conquered Constantinople, leading to the fall of the Byzantine empire
-With the fall of the Byzantine due to the Ottoman, they appeared to have become the "top dogs"
-Establish many universities, with some still in use today -
Period: Feb 1, 1451 to Jan 1, 1481
Second Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror
(refer back to the Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror) -
Period: Jan 1, 1464 to Jan 1, 1492
Reign of Sunni Ali
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-First king of the Songhai Empire
-Made Songhai the most powerful of African empires, with an army made of trained, full-time soldiers
-Captured Timbuktu, making the empire a trade staple, and also Djenne -
Period: Jan 1, 1466 to Jun 29, 1520
Moctezuma II
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- The final of the Aztec princes
- Killed by Cortes during an attepmt to drive the Spanish out of his empire (Spanish made alliances with the Aztec tributary states to help defeat them -
Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther
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- German monk and preist believed to have jump started the Protestant Reformation
- Despised the sale of indulgences, believing that God's forgivness could not be bought with money and that faith alone would grant one salvation
- Excomunicated from the Catholic Church in 1521 by Pope Leo X
-Developed the 95 Thesis
-Founder of Lutheranism -
Jan 1, 1488
Dias' voyage into Indian Ocean
-Portuguese explorer to voyage around the South AfricanTip and reach the Indian Ocean (believed to be the first European to do so) -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbus’ First Voyage
-Departed on 8/3/1492, which was a Friday
-Their main goal was “to discover and acquire certain islands and mainland in the Ocean Sea” •Traveled in a pack of 3 ships, the Santa Maria, the Santa Clara or Nina, and the Pinta, with a crew of ninety men divided between them
-Sponsored by Queen Isabella after a long time of trying to persuade her
-Called the island natives Indians because he believed they landed somewhere in India
-Reached the Caribbean Islands by October 1492 -
Period: Jan 1, 1493 to
Columbian Exchange
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- Following Columbus' discovery, the trade of technology, livestock, plants, and disease amongst the New and Old Worlds ( Americas and the rest of the world)
- Dramatically changed diets introducing things like chocolate to the Old World and rice to the New World
- Amerindian populations at an all-time with no built up immunity to the new diseases -
Period: Jan 1, 1501 to
Safavid Empire
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-Founded by Ismail Safavid, as an Iranian Shi'ite kingdom
-Inhabitants spoke several languages fluently
-Kept focus mainly on land, not sea
-Supported it's powerful cavalry with land grants -
Period: Jul 10, 1509 to May 27, 1564
John Calvin
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- Became a significant French Theologian and Pastor during the Protestant Reformation
- Produced a book called "The Institutes of the Christian Religion", which was a large compilation of Christian teachings
- Founder of Calvinism, a seperate sect of Christianity
- Believed that God predestined one to heaven or hell and that your faith would not bring you salvation -
Period: Feb 1, 1519 to Aug 13, 1521
Spanish Conquest of Mexico
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- Was conquered by Hernan Cortes
- Was able to easily win due to advanced weaponry like guns, diseases like smallpox(which they brought over), and alliences with Aztec tributary states like the Totonacs
- At first sought for slaves, but after finding them wealthy they wanted to take the wealth from them -
Period: Jan 1, 1520 to Sep 5, 1566
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
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-Re-made the Ottoman legal system, making it work the best possible way
-Launched attack on Christian Europe, conquering the lands of Belgrade, Rhodes, Vienna, and most of Hungary. -
Period: Jan 1, 1526 to
Mughal Dynasty
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-Located within India, it rulers were muslim and direct desendants of Ghengis Khan
-Founded by Babur
-Akbar the Great was ruling during the time it's classical period started
-Shah Jahan held the throne when Mughal architecture reached it's peak
-Many magnificent builds occured, an example being the Taj Mahal
-At it's largest it controlled almost all of the Indian subcontinent -
Period: Oct 15, 1542 to
Reign of Akbar
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-Was the grandson of Babur and the 3rd ruler of the Mughal Dynasty
-He recieved the throne at the age of 13 and under him and 3 successors almost all of India was under his rule
-Gave land to military officiers and goverment officials for their work
-Influential in culture, endorsing discussion over religious and philosophical views
-Wanted not only territory and profit, but haramony within the empire as well -
Period: Dec 13, 1545 to Dec 4, 1563
Council of Trent
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-Met in the city of Trent, found in Italy
-Held 3 meeting sessions, in which they discussed what proper Catholic conduct was and what were Protestant mistakes
-They endorsed the Pope's supreme authority
-Played a major role in the Catholic Reformation
-Required bishops to live in their own respective diocese
-Also required that each diocese have thier own theological seminary to train priests -
Period: Jan 1, 1547 to
Russian Empire
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-Became a major European Power in the 1750s
-Reached from Europe across Asia into the Americas
-Came after the Mongols
-Poor in the 1600s being landlocked, but expanded by accepting people from all different aspects of religion, language, and cultural ethnicity -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
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- The most famous of Italian philosophers, mathematicians, astronomers, and philosopers. He is refered to as Father of Modern Astronomy
-Played a major role in the Scientific Revolution
- Invented a telescope in 1609 that could magnify objects 30x better then the human eye
- First to note that the moon had valleys and mountains and the sun had spots -
Period: to
Tokygawa Shogunate
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-Founded by Tokugawa Ieyasu
-More political unity was found then in other Shogunates
-Sammuri warriors held the most power and the daimyo controlled the land
-Fixed tax rates soon led to battles between the upper class and poverty, later causing the collapse of the Shogunate -
Period: to
Thrity Years' War
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- Started due to the lust of powerof European countires
- Triggered population and ecomonic decline mainly in what was known as the Holy Roman Empire
- Ended in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia -
Period: to
John Locke
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- He denied monarchical claims to absolute authority due to divine right
- Believed that everyone, even rulers must abide by the law
- Fought for and stressed individual rights, developing the idea of Natural Rights
- Believed that the government should fight to protect one's rights
- Known as the Father of Classical Liberalism, being one of the most influential Elightenment thinkers -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
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-Founded by the Manchus
-While in power China's size double from the Ming's former size and the population exploded to about 3 times as many
-Competitor of Russia for Asia's northern Pacific coast
-Last of the Chinese Dynasties -
Period: to
Peter the Great
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-Drastically changed Russia to increase it's size and remove isolation
-Refused to acknowlegde Russia's Asian heritage
-Developed a very small yet powerful navy
-Discovered and copied European techniques and culture -
Period: to
England's Glorious Revolution
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- A movement occuring after the English Civil War, which had the intent to replace King James II with his daughter Mary and her husband William of Orange( both of whom were Protestant)
-He disrespected Paliament in the act of having his heir baptized as a Roman Catholic
- His disrespt lead to his forced exile
-In this Colonists in the New World rebeled, removing from power Massachusetts and New York governors
- His daughter and son-in-law were able to restore the peace
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