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Aimed to annex Fiume (Italy).
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It was a territorial conflict between Sweden and Finland over the sovereignty of the Aaland Islands, whose Swedish-speaking population wanted to join Sweden. The League of Nations ultimately ruled in Finland’s favor in 1921, granting the islands autonomy with guarantees to protect their language and culture
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It was triggered when Turkish forces advanced toward the British-controlled neutral zone of Chanak after the Greco-Turkish War. The crisis ended without conflict as Britain sought diplomatic solutions
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aimed to address European economic reconstruction after World War I. It brought together 34 nations, including Germany and Soviet Russia, to discuss war debts, reparations, and trade, but failed due to deep political and economic divisions. The conference is notable for the Treaty of Rapallo, where Germany and Soviet Russia established diplomatic and economic ties.
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It began when an Italian general and his team were murdered on Greek soil, leading Italy to demand compensation and occupy the Greek island of Corfu. The crisis ended when Greece, under pressure from the League of Nations, agreed to Italy’s demands, highlighting the League’s weakness against great powers.
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negotiate a peace settlement between Turkey and the Allied powers after the Turkish War of Independence. It resulted in the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), which replaced the Treaty of Sèvres and recognized Turkey’s modern borders while abolishing foreign claims and capitulations.
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when France and Belgium occupied the Ruhr Valley in Germany to enforce reparations payments after Germany failed to meet its obligations following World War I.
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It restructured Germany’s payments, provided loans from the U.S., and stabilized the German economy while easing tensions with France and Britain. The plan temporarily improved European economic stability but was later replaced by the Young Plan in 1929.
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aimed to promote stability in Europe after World War I
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an international agreement to renounce war as a means of resolving conflicts. Though it lacked enforcement mechanisms, it symbolized a global desire for peace and influenced later international law.