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Civil Disobidience
This was a public, nonviolent, political act, where people refused to pay taxes and fines -
13th Amendment
Slavery was legal under the constitution. So they created the amendment to ban slavery. -
Black Codes
This restricted African Americans' freedom (similar to jim crow laws). They were not however laws. they were more of you know what you shouldn't be doing. -
14th Amendment
This amendment stated that anyone born in the US was a citizen and that can't be taken away. That included slaves born in the US. -
15th Amendment
This amendment gave black men the right to vote. -
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Jim Crow Laws
These laws helped maintain segregation. White and black people couldn't use the same facilities. Black facilities were worse then those of whites. -
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Lynching
This is when a person was killed, mostly hung, for suspicion that a crime was committed without trial. It was usually a public execution. -
Plessy V. Ferguson
This case was about segregated train facilities in Louisiana. The court ruled that 'separate but equal' was not a violation to the 14th amendment. Judge Harlan disagreed with this. -
Hector P. Garcia
He was an advocate for hispanic rights during the chicano movement. -
George Wallace
He was the 45th governor of Alabama. He was pro segregation and stood in front of the University of Alabama to keep blacks from enrolling. -
Betty Friedan
she was an activist and journalist and was a leading figure in the woman's movement in the US. -
CORE
Congress of Racial Equality was an African-American civil rights organization in the US. It was founded in 1942, and purpose was to get equality for all people regardless of race, sex, age, disability, sexual orientation, religion or ethnic background. -
Cesar Chavez
He was an American laborer and was a Latino American civil rights activist that fought for workers' rights. He, along with Dolores Huerta, co-founded the National Farm Workers Association. -
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Brown V. Board of Education
This tried to end segregation in schools. The NAACP tried to enroll colored people but when the schools refused, the NAACP filed a lawsuit. The school lost in district court which was appealed to supreme court. -
Rosa Parks
She was an activist during the civil rights movement. She is best known for not giving up her seat on the bus. -
Emmett Till
He was a 14 year old African American who was lynched in 1955 in Mississippi. A white woman said he was flirting with her. The woman's husband and half brother abducted him, tortured him, shot him, and threw his body into a river. Years later the woman admitted that Till didn't even talk to her. -
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Montgomery Bus Boycott
In 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat to a white person. she was arrested and that ignited the protest. Black and white people rode integrated buses throughout Montgomery until 1956, when segregation on transportation was ended. -
Little Rock Nine
Nine black students attended a white school. Eisenhower ordered that everyday the students be escorted by federal troops ,due to aggression ,for protection.They were able to finish the school year. -
Orval Fabus
He was a politician that was the governor of Arkansas from 1955 to 1967. He was against desegregation of the Little Rock School District. -
SCLC
The Southern Christian Leadership Conference was founded in 1957 and Martin Luther King Jr. was the first president. It's purpose was to coordinate local protest groups within the south. -
Civil Rights Act of 1957
In 1957, president Eisenhower, passed the civil rights act of 1957 to establish a permanent commission on civil rights with investigative powers but it didn't guarantee a ballot for blacks. It was the first civil-rights bill to be enacted after Reconstruction and was supported by most non southern whites. -
Stokely Carmichael
He was a black civil rights activist in the 1960's. He became the leader of the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee. He worked with King Jr. on peaceful protests but then changed his perspective and pursued black power. -
Affirmative Action
Affirmative action was an outcome of the 1960's Civil Rights Movement. Its purpose was to provide equal opportunities for members of minority groups and women in education and employment. It initially focused on improving opportunities for African Americans in employment and education. -
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Sit-ins
This was in Greensboro, NC. Sit-ins were caused because diners were segregated and blacks tried to challenge it. they would go and sit in "whites only" seats. -
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Freedom Riders
They were civil rights activist that rode interracial buses to chllenge segregation, throughout Mississippi. The people against this turned violent causing it to become a world-wide topic. -
Black Panthers
This was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton.They armed citizens and challenged police brutality. -
Ole Miss Integration
In 1962, President Kennedy ordered federal marshals to protect James Meredith because he tried to become the first African American student at University of Mississippi in Oxford. This lead to riots. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
He was a baptist minister who became the most known spokesperson during the civil rights movement. He helped organize non violent protests and gave his famous speech, "I Have a Dream", during the march on Washington. -
U of Alabama Integration
George C. Wallace refused to allow African-American students to register for classes at the all-white university. This lead to President Kennedy authorizing the use of the National Guard to enforce educational integration. -
March on Washington
It was held in Washington DC and was organized by A. Philip Randolph and Bayard Rustin. The purpose of the march was to was to advocate economic and civil rights for African Americans. Here, Martin Luther King Jr. gave his "I Have a Dream" speech in front of the Lincoln memorial. -
Lester Maddox
He served as governor for Georgia from 1967 to 1971. He refused to serve black people at his restaurant and was for segregation. -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
This law authorized federal action against segregation in public facilities, and employment. President Lyndon Johnson persuaded many reluctant members of Congress to support the law. -
Voting Rights Act of 1965
This law helped end formal and informal barriers to African American suffrage. It allowed many African Americans to register and the number of African American elected officials increased dramatically. -
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Watts Riots
This events took place in the Watts neighborhood in Los Angeles. This happened because an African American motorist was arrested for supposedly drunk driving. they fought and people reacted to the police brutality. the riots resulted in 34 deaths and $40 million worth on damages. -
Thurgood Marshall
He was the grandson of a slave and became the first African American to be appointed to the Supreme court. He was the chief legal counsel of the NAACP and also won the Brown court in 1954. -
Desegregation
This is the end of racial segregation. Desegregation was the main target if the civil rights movement -
Title IX
This stated that no one in the US, based on sex, would be excluded from participating or denied to the benefits of any educational program.
