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The French and Indian War was extremely taxing. Over the course of the war, the British national debt ballooned from £75 million to £133 million.
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Lowered cuties on imported sugars. Grenville did this to stop the colonial smuggling of sugar. However, Grenville also made it so that violations of the Navigation Acts would be tried in vice-admiralty courts. These courts would not honor trial by jury, which angered many colonists
image found here
https://www.britannica.com/story/whats-the-difference-between-sugar-in-fruit-and-sugar-in-sweets-and-candy -
Prevents Colonies from printing paper money, means colonists have to pay British merchants in gold and silver
image found here https://www.sutori.com/en/item/untitled-8add -
Forming in the summer of 1765, the sons of liberty were a collection of artisens, shopkeepers and small-time merchants protesting the
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Any and all purchases of printed material required the purchasing of a revenue stamp as well
image found here
https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/79700/79733/79733_stamp1765.htm -
This act was to solve the problem of stationing troops in America, troops are to be provided Barracks and Food and the colonists were expected to pay for both.
Image found here https://www.ushistory.org/declaration/related/quartering.html -
In July of 1765 lord Rockingham would become prime minister of Britain. He would propose the Declaratory Act but would only have a short time in office
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A collection of representatives from the colonies fighting against the Stamp Act. The First Unified political front against the crown
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This document outlines the unconstitutionality of taxation without representation and trial with no jury -
1500 soldiers arrive in New York, the New York Assembly refuses to obey the Quartering Act
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The Daughters of Liberty were a group of women protesting against taxation without representation in much less violent forms than the Sons of Liberty. They would build a community movement centered around home-made and home grown goods
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The Stamp Act was repealed, and new minister lord Rockingham proposed the Declaratory Act. This act states that parliaments rule is supreme and any colonial laws used to tax and govern themselves are void if they run counter to parliamentary law
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While William Pitt initially succeeded Rockingham, a collection of health issues rendered him ill-fit, leaving Charles Townshend, Williams chancellor of the exchequer, to adopt many of his duties Townshend would make a series of acts meant to hinder and tax the colonies, these would be known as the Townshend acts, or intolerable acts
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This act disbanded the New York Assembly until it payed dues associated with the Quartering Act
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Placed taxes on consumer items like paper, paint, lead, tea, and glass, which had to be imported to the colonies.
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Exempted tea produced by the British East India Company from taxes when imported to Britain, however, when re-imported to the colonies it was taxed according to the Revenue Act. Many critics in both Britain and the Colonies saw this as an example of corrupt politicians giving favor to certain corporate interests.
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Charles Townshend dies suddenly
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In Massachusetts, Samual Addams would write The Massachusetts Circular which would then be sent to the other colonies. This document would outline the unconstitutionality of taxation without representation
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This made three more vice-admiralty courts, in Boston, Philadelphia, and Charleston. This made it easier to try smugglers in court, and as the judges were paid a percentage of the recovered goods, leniency was rare.
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After Townshend's death, Frederick, Lord North, takes his place. In March of 1770, He argued to drop all taxes except the tax on tea, however, the American Board of Customs Commissioners and the vice-admiralty courts would remain in place.
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A group of Bostonians would throw snowballs and rocks at British soldiers as well as call them names. The soldiers would fire and kill 5 Bostonians. Of 8 tried soldiers, 6 were acquitted and 2 charged with a reduced charge of manslaughter,
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The British Revenue ship "The Gaspee" is boarded and burned in Narragansett bay
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This act was not meant to punish or inconvenience the colonies in any way, it was simply to help prevent the British East India Company from going under. It allowed the company the import tea to or export tea from the colonies without paying taxes or dealing with middle men. Completly undercutting the smuggled tea trade in the colonies.
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Colonists boycotted British ships, refusing to allow them into port. In Charlestown, Boston, Philadelphia, and New York, millions of dollars worth in tea was held hostage, left in store houses to rot. On the night of December 16, Sons of liberty disguised as Mohawk would systematically dump a million dollars worth of tea in the Boston harbor
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This act expanded Quebec's boundaries westward and forced Catholic tolerance.
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Parliament responded to the colonial tea boycot and surrounding events with 4 coercive acts:
- Boston Port Act: Shut down Boston Harbor until the East India Company was repaid
- Massachusetts Government Act: Placed colonial government under direct control of crown officials.
- Administration of Justice Act: Unilaterally allowed any trial of a crowned official to be moved out of Massachusetts
- Quartering Act: Allowed British troops to be housed an occupied colonial homes
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General Gage was sent to restore order in Boston the epicenter of protest
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The Massachusetts Provincial Congress would pass the Suffolk resolves, which were a plan to resist and boycott the British crown until the intolerable acts were lifted
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Gage commands an attack on Concord, Massachusetts to seize a weapons cache and would have his army leave at night. But riders from Boston carried the news to the militiamen, Paul Revere was one of them. sadly, unlike in "Paul Revere's Ride," he was captured before reaching his destination. What followed was a series of skirmishes at Lexington and then Concord. These were the first battles of the American Revolution.
