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The American Civil War was a civil war that was fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865. As a result of the long-standing controversy over slavery, war broke out in April 1861
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A law passed in the 1860s that offered up to 160 acres of public land to any head of a family who paid a registration fee, lived on the land for five years, and cultivated it or built on it.
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free (abolish slavery)
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The history of the United States, has two applications: the first applies to the complete history of the entire country from 1865 to 1877.
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citizen ( equal rights)
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A train route across the United States, finished in 1869. It was the project of two railroad companies: the Union Pacific built from the east, and the Central Pacific built from the west.
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major turning point in history; almost every aspect of daily life was influenced in some way. In particular, average income and population began to exhibit unprecedented sustained growth.
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vote (all men can vote)
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Boss" Tweed—was an American politician most notable for being the "boss" of Tammany Hall, the Democratic Party political machine that played a major role in the politics of 19th
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the Scottish-born American scientist best known as the inventor of the telephone, worked at a school for the deaf while attempting to invent a machine that would transmit sound by electricity.
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The push to secure rights for former slaves.
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e laws that enforced racial segregation in the South between the end of Reconstruction in 1877 and the beginning of the civil rights movement in the 1950s
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era of corruption, conspicuous consumption, and unfettered capitalism.
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The light bulbs impact on society was that people now had light at all times of the day and did not need to rely on sunlight.
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Beginning in 1965 and intensifying in 1990, more than 44 million immigrants have arrived in the United States during the current wave.
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United States federal law signed by President Chester A. Arthur on May 6, 1882, prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers
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The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act is a United States federal law, enacted in 1883, which established that positions within the federal government should be awarded on the basis of merit instead of political affiliation.
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adopted by Congress in 1887, authorized the President of the United States to survey American Indian tribal land and divide it into allotments for individual Indians.
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The Act required that railroad rates be "reasonable and just," but did not empower the government to fix specific rates.
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In June of 1889 that describes the responsibility of philanthropy by the new upper class of self-made rich.
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Hull House was a settlement house in the United States that was co-founded in 1889 by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr.
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Mass migration of gold prospectors to the Klondike region, Yukon Territory, nw Canada.
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Landmark federal statute in the history of United States antitrust law passed by Congress in 1890 under the presidency of Benjamin Harrison.
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Tenements of New York (1890) was an early publication of photojournalism by Jacob Riis, documenting squalid living conditions in New York City slums in the 1880s.
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Alfred Thayer Mahan. It details the role of sea power during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, and discusses the various factors needed to support and achieve sea power, with emphasis on having the largest and most powerful fleet.
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The main objective of the Progressive movement was eliminating corruption in government. The movement primarily targeted political machines and their bosses.
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Acquisition by a government of other governments or territories, or of economic or cultural power over other nations or territories
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fought labor dispute. On June 29, 1892, workers belonging to the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers struck the Carnegie Steel Company at Homestead, Pa. to protest a proposed wage cut.
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When his company laid off workers and lowered wages, it did not reduce rents, and the workers called for a strike.
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racial segregation laws for public facilities as long as the segregated facilities were equal in quality, a doctrine that came to be known as "separate but equal".
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Spanish-American War, the United States annexed Hawaii in 1898 at the urging of President William McKinley. Hawaii was made a territory in 1900, and Dole became its first governor.
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explosion of the USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba leading to United States intervention in the Cuban War of Independence. gaining Philippines Puerto Rico and Guam
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The policy proposed to keep China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis
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On September 6, 1901, William McKinley, the 25th President of the United States, was shot on the grounds of the Pan-American Exposition at the Temple of Music in Buffalo, New York.
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Political Party: Republican Party+ Progressive 'Bull Moose" Party
Domestic Policies:(3's)- trust busters, nature conservation -
who achieved the first sustained flight of a heavier-than-air machine
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President Theodore Roosevelt oversaw the realization of a long-term United States goal—a trans-isthmian canal.
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Muckraking the Meat-Packing Industry. Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle to expose the appalling working conditions in the meat-packing industry.
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An Act for preventing the manufacture, sale, or transportation of adulterated or misbranded or poisonous or deleterious foods, drugs, medicines, and liquors, and for regulating traffic therein, and for other purposes," approved June 30, 1906, as amended.
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It is generally regarded as the first affordable automobile, the car that opened travel to the common middle-class American; some of this was because of Ford's efficient fabrication, including assembly line production instead of individual hand crafting.
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The mission of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) is to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate race-based discrimination.
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Political Party:Republican
Domestic Policies: tried 3'Cs 16th/17th amendment -
Act of Congress that created and established the Federal Reserve System
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The central banking system of the United States.
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Political Party: Democrat
Domestic Policies: Clayton Anti-Trust Act,National Park Service, Federal Reserve Act, 18th amendment, 19th amendment -
ratified in 1913, providing for the election of two U.S. senators from each state by popular vote and for a term of six years.
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prohibiting the manufacture sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages for consumption
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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne, and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, occurred on 28 June 1914 in Sarajevo when they were mortally wounded by Gavrilo Princip.
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chemical shells, projectors, and mortars could deposit dense gas barrages on enemy lines, or behind them on supply routes, reserve trenches, or gun batteries. Phosgene, introduced in late 1915, was nearly invisible and much more lethal than chlorine. The Germans unleashed mustard gas in the summer of 1917.
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Prince assassinated Franz Ferdinand,the Archduke of Austria, in Sarajevo. Exactly one month later, Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia
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Less than a year after World War I (1914-18) erupted across Europe, a German U-boat torpedoed and sank
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To conserve the scenery and the natural and historic objects and wildlife therein, and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired for the enjoyment of future generations.
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when the peasants and working class people of Russia revolted against the government of Tsar Nicholas II. They were led by Vladimir Lenin and a group of revolutionaries called the Bolsheviks. The new communist government created the country of the Soviet Union.
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Wilson cited Germany's violation of its pledge to suspend unrestricted submarine warfare in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean, as well as its attempts to entice Mexico into an alliance against the United States, as his reasons for declaring war.
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communication issued from the German Foreign Office in January 1917 that proposed a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the prior event of the United States entering World War I against Germany.
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Forest, was a major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. It was fought from 26 September 1918 until the Armistice of 11 November 1918, a total of 47 days
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Formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting.
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In this January 8, 1918, speech on War Aims and Peace Terms, President Wilson set down 14 points as a blueprint for world peace that was to be used for peace negotiations after World War I.
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The Treaty of Versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
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Women Right to Vote
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Way of life before World War I, was United States presidential candidate Warren G. Harding's campaign slogan for the election of 1920.
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Considered to be a rebirth of African-American arts.
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The rounding up and deportation of several hundred immigrants of radical political views by the federal government in 1919 and 1920. This “scare” was caused by fears of subversion by communists in the United States after the Russian Revolution.
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The Roaring Twenties was a time when many people defied Prohibition, indulged in new styles of dancing and dressing, and rejected many traditional moral standards.
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unprecedented level of greed and corruption within a presidential administration. The scandal involved ornery oil tycoons, poker-playing politicians, illegal liquor sales, a murder-suicide, a womanizing president and a bagful of bribery cash delivered on the sly.
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the dictator of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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American legal case in July 1925 in which a substitute high school teacher, John T. Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which had made it unlawful to teach human evolution in any state-funded school
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1925 autobiographical book by Nazi Party leader Adolf Hitler. The work describes the process by which Hitler became antisemitic and outlines his political ideology and future plans for Germany.
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As the Spirit of St. Louis rolled down the dirt runway of Roosevelt Field in New York, many doubted it would successfully cross the Atlantic Ocean.
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Fourmen dressed as police officers enter gangster Bugs Moran's headquarters on North Clark Street in Chicago, line seven of Moran's henchmen against a wall, and shoot them to death.
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Black Tuesday is often cited as the beginning of the Great Depression.
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lasted from 1929 to 1939, and was the worst economic downturn in the history of the industrialized world. It began after the stock market crash of October 1929
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Great Depression by the homeless in the United States of America. They were named after Herbert Hoover, who was President of the United States of America during the onset of the Depression and was widely blamed for it.
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act implementing protectionist trade policies sponsored by Senator Reed Smoot and Representative Willis C. Hawley and signed into law on June 17, 1930. The act raised U.S. tariffs on over 20,000 imported goods.
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what's not covered – by the FDIC, or Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. You've no doubt already heard that the FDIC generally insures deposits of up to $100,000 in FDIC-insured banks.
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President Paul von Hindenburg had already appointed Hitler as Chancellor on 30 January 1933 after a series of parliamentary elections and associated backroom intrigues.
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The Holocaust was the systematic, bureaucratic, state-sponsored persecution and murder of six million Jews by the Nazi regime and its collaborators.
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the Dirty Thirties, was a period of severe dust storms that greatly damaged the ecology and agriculture of the American and Canadian prairies during the 1930s
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the Japanese butchered an estimated 150,000 male “war prisoners,” massacred an additional 50,000 male civilians, and raped at least 20,000 women and girls of all ages, many of whom were mutilated or killed in the process.
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The Night of the Broken Glass. On this night, November 9, 1938, almost 200 synagogues were destroyed, over 8,000 Jewish shops were sacked and looted, and tens of thousands of Jews were removed to concentration camps.
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1939 Defensive War since Hitler proclaimed that Poland had attacked Germany and that "Germans in Poland are persecuted with a bloody terror and are driven from their homes. Polish leaders also distrusted Hitler.
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The Allied powers of the United States, United Kingdom, and Soviet Union against the Axis powers of Germany, Italy, and Japan, with their respective allies.
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Germany quickly overran much of Europe and was victorious for more than two years by relying on a new military tactic called the "Blitzkrieg"
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Japanese planes attacked the United States Naval Base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii Territory. The bombing killed more than 2,300 Americans.
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the first black servicemen to serve as military aviators in the U.S. armed forces, flying with distinction during World War II.
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The name code talkers is strongly associated with bilingual Navajo speakers specially recruited during World War II by the Marines to serve in their standard communications units in the Pacific Theater.
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World War II policy with lasting consequences for Japanese Americans. The document ordered the removal of resident enemy aliens from parts of the West vaguely identified as military areas.
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5,000 to 18,000 Filipino deaths and 500 to 650 American deaths during the march. The march was characterized by severe physical abuse and wanton killings, and was later judged by an Allied military commission to be a Japanese war crime.
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156,000 American, British and Canadian forces landed on five beaches along a 50-mile stretch of the heavily fortified coast of France’s Normandy region. The invasion was one of the largest amphibious military assaults in history and required extensive planning.
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A law passed in 1944 that provided educational and other benefits for people who had served in the armed forces in World War II. Benefits are still available to persons honorably discharged from the armed forces.
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Formal acceptance by the Allies of World War II of Nazi Germany's unconditional surrender of its armed forces.
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Imperial Japan surrendered in World War II, in effect ending the war.
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As Allied troops moved across Europe in a series of offensives against Nazi Germany, they began to encounter tens of thousands of concentration camp prisoners.
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During the final stage of World War II, the United States dropped nuclear weapons on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on August 6 and 9, 1945
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The UN is the largest, most familiar, most internationally represented and most powerful intergovernmental organization in the world.
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As a consequence of the defeat of Nazi Germany in World War II, Germany was cut between the two global blocs in the East and West, a period known as the division of Germany.
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American statesman who served as the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953), taking the office upon the death of Franklin D. Roosevelt.
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trials held between 1945 and 1949 in which the Allies prosecuted German military leaders, political officials, industrialists, and financiers for crimes they had committed during World War II.
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a temporary marked increase in the birth rate, especially the one following World War II.
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It was first announced to Congress by President Harry S. Truman on March 12, 1947 and further developed on July 12, 1948 when he pledged to contain threats to Greece and Turkey.
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Mao adopted Marxism–Leninism while working at Peking University and became a founding member of the Communist Party of China
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limiting presidential terms to two for any one person, or to one elected term if the person has completed more than two years of another's term.
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a state of political hostility between countries characterized by threats, propaganda, and other measures short of open warfare, in particular.
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The Marshall Plan was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave over $13,000,000,000 in economic assistance to help rebuild Western European economies
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Carry supplies to the people of West Berlin, a difficult feat given the size of the city's population.
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a civil conflict between Palestinian Jews and Arabs following the announcement of the United Nations (UN)
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North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance between several North American and European states based on the North Atlantic Treaty that was signed on 4 April 1949.
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Kim Il-sung sent his military south across the 38th Parallel on June 25, 1950. If he were just interested in defense, he could have pursued a defensive strategy that would have served him in the clash of world opinion.
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The Yalu River, also is a river on the border between North Korea and China. The Yalu forms the border between North Korea and China and is notable as a site involved in military conflicts such as the First Sino-Japanese War, the Russo-Japanese War, World War II, and the Korean War.
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UN forces rapidly approached the Yalu River—the border with China—but in October 1950, mass Chinese forces crossed the Yalu and entered the war.
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fought in the early 1950s between the United Nations, supported by the United States, and the communist Democratic People's Republic of Korea
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The economy overall grew by 37% during the 1950s. ... Inflation, which had wreaked havoc on the economy immediately after World War II, was minimal, in part because of Eisenhower's persistent efforts to balance the federal budget.
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married couple convicted of conspiracy to commit espionage in 1951, are put to death in the electric chair
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An armistice is a formal agreement of warring parties to stop fighting. The 1953 Korean War Armistice Agreement is a major example of an armistice which has not been followed by a peace treaty.
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The Warren Court was the period in the history of the Supreme Court of the United States during which Earl Warren served as Chief Justice.
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Dwight David "Ike" Eisenhower was an American Army general and statesman who served as the 34th President of the United States from 1953 to 1961.
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"the first and only Mexican-American civil-rights case heard and decided by the United States Supreme Court during the post-World War II period."
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supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
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Vietnamese to "overthrow the camouflaged colonial regime of the American imperialists" and to make "efforts toward the peaceful unification".
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A military alliance of communist nations in eastern Europe. Organized in 1955 in answer to NATO
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The first polio vaccine was the inactivated polio vaccine. It was developed by Jonas Salk and came into use in 1955.
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refusing to give up her seat to a white passenger on a city bus in Montgomery, Alabama.
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This single act of nonviolent resistance sparked the Montgomery bus boycott
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the Second Indochina War, and in Vietnam as the Resistance War Against America
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The Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1956, popularly known as the National Interstate and Defense Highways Act, was enacted on June 29, 1956, when President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the bill into law.
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On January 27, 1956, the first RCA single, "Heartbreak Hotel" b/w "I Was the One" was released, giving Elvis a nationwide breakthrough.
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Sputnik 1 was the first artificial Earth satellite. The Soviet Union launched it into an elliptical low Earth orbit on 4 October 1957.
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an American television sitcom about an inquisitive and often naïve boy, Theodore "The Beaver" Cleaver, and his adventures at home, in school, and around his suburban neighborhood.
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the first civil rights legislation since Reconstruction. The new act established the Civil Rights Section of the Justice Department and empowered federal prosecutors to obtain court injunctions against interference with the right to vote.
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nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. (white school)
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he United States presidential election of 1960 was the 44th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 8, 1960.
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Artists began using the walls of city buildings, housing projects, schools, and churches to depict Mexican-American culture.
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a failed military invasion of Cuba undertaken by the Central Intelligence Agency-sponsored paramilitary group Brigade 2506 on 17 April 1961.
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a permanent federal agency within the State Department, and Kennedy signed the legislation on September 22, 1961
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Fourth Amendment, which protects against "unreasonable searches and seizures,"
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an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.
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JFK, was an American politician who served as the 35th President of the United States from January 1961 until his assassination in November 1963.
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A confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union in 1962 over the presence of missile sites in Cuba; one of the “hottest” periods of the cold war.
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On July 2, 1962, Sam Walton opens the first Walmart store in Rogers, Arkansas.
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the 35th President of the United States, was assassinated on Friday, November 22, 1963, at 12:30 p.m. in Dallas, Texas while riding in a presidential motorcade in Dealey Plaza.
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The Sixth Amendment right to counsel is a fundamental right applied to the states via the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution's due process clause, and requires that indigent criminal defendants be provided counsel at trial
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Betty Friedan which is widely credited with sparking the beginning of second-wave feminism in the United States.
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The March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom, the March on Washington, or The Great March on Washington, was held in Washington, D.C. on Wednesday, August 28, 1963.
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George Wallace, the Democratic Governor of Alabama, in a symbolic attempt to keep his inaugural promise of "segregation now, segregation tomorrow, segregation forever" and stop the desegregation of schools, stood at the door of the auditorium to try to block the entry of two African American students
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LBJ, was an American politician who served as the 36th President of the United States from 1963 to 1969.
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a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65.
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a United States Supreme Court case holding that criminal suspects have a right to counsel during police interrogations under the Sixth Amendment.
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an international confrontation that led to the United States engaging more directly in the Vietnam War.
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ended segregation in public places and banned employment discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin
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abolish poll taxes
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This conflict came from the intercommunal violence in Mandatory Palestine between Israelis and Arabs from 1920 and erupted into full-scale hostilities in the 1947–48 civil war.
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overcome legal barriers at the state and local levels that prevented African Americans from exercising their right to vote as guaranteed under the 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
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is assassinated by rival Black Muslims while addressing his Organization of Afro-American Unity at the Audubon Ballroom in Washington Heights.
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The strike began on September 8, 1965, and lasted more than five years.
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The Fifth Amendment right against self-incrimination requires law enforcement officials to advise a suspect interrogated in custody of his or her rights to remain silent and to obtain an attorney.
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In 1961, President John F. Kennedy appointed Marshall to United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
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fought between June 5 and June 10, 1967 by Israel and the neighboring states of Egypt
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The General Offensive and Uprising of Tet Mau Than 1968 by North Vietnam and the NLF, was one of the largest military campaigns of the Vietnam War
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A mass killing of helpless inhabitants of a village in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War, carried out in 1968 by United States troops under the command of Lieutenant William Calley.
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Martin Luther King, Jr. was killed by a single shot which struck his face and neck.
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Tinker was a 13-year-old junior high school student in December 1965 when she and a group of students decided to wear black armbands to school to protest the war in Vietnam.
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Woodstock Festival or simply Woodstock— was a music festival in the United States in 1969 which attracted an audience of more than 400,000.
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a policy of the Richard Nixon administration to end U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War through a the war wasprogram to "expand, equip, and train South Vietnamese forces and assign to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily reducing the number of U.S. combat troops."
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366 blue plastic capsules contained the birthdays that would be chosen in the first Vietnam draft lottery drawing
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They gained national notoriety after the murder of actress Sharon Tate and four others on August 9, 1969 by Tex Watson and three other members of the Family, acting under the instructions of Charles Manson.
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the first two humans on the Moon. Mission commander Neil Armstrong and pilot Buzz Aldrin
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the 37th President of the United States, serving from 1969 until 1974, when he resigned from office, the only U.S. president to do so.
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a series of military operations conducted in eastern Cambodia during 1970 by the United States and the Republic of Vietnam (South Vietnam) during the Vietnam War.
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May 4, 1970 of unarmed college students by members of the Ohio National Guard during a mass protest against the Vietnam War at Kent State University in Kent, Ohio.
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The EPA is an agency of the United States federal government whose mission is to protect human and environmental health.
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an official of the department, Daniel Ellsberg, gave copies of the study in 1971 to the New York Times and Washington Post.
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citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States
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Détente is the name given to a period of improved relations between the United States and the Soviet Union that began tentatively in 1971
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he 39th President of the United States from 1977 to 1981. He previously was the 76th governor of Georgia from 1971 to 1975
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No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving federal financial assistance.
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U.S. President Richard Nixon's 1972 visit to China was an important strategic and diplomatic overture that marked the culmination of the Nixon administration's resumption of harmonious relations between the United States and China
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This was no ordinary robbery: The prowlers were connected to President Richard Nixon’s reelection campaign, and they had been caught wiretapping phones and stealing documents.
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federal law intended to check the president's power to commit the United States to an armed conflict without the consent of the U.S. Congress.
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woman's right to have an abortion under the Fourteenth amendment to the Constitution.
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was signed on December 28, 1973, and provides for the conservation of species that are endangered or threatened throughout all or a significant portion of their range, and the conservation of the ecosystems on which they depend.
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s a key legislation for both domestic and international conservation. The act aims to provide a framework to conserve and protect endangered and threatened species and their habitats.
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During the 1973 Arab-Israeli War, Arab members of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries imposed an embargo against the United States in retaliation for the U.S. decision to re-supply the Israeli military and to gain leverage in the post-war peace negotiations.
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April 3, 1973, when Martin Cooper, a senior engineer at Motorola, called a rival telecommunications company and informed them he was speaking via a mobile phone.
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United States Supreme Court case which resulted in a unanimous decision against President Richard Nixon, ordering him to deliver tape recordings and other subpoenaed materials to a federal district court.
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President Gerald Ford, who assumed office on the heels of President Richard M. Nixon’s resignation, pardons his predecessor for his involvement in the Watergate scandal.
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38th President of the United States from August 1974 to January 1977.
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city of South Vietnam, fell to North Vietnamese forces on April 30th 1975. The fall of Saigon (now Ho Chin Mih City) effectively marked the end of the Vietnam War
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Microsoft was founded on April 4, 1975, by Bill Gates and Paul Allen in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
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National Rifle Association the group was founded in 1871 as a recreational group designed to "promote and encourage rifle shooting on a scientific basis".
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In 1976, when Jobs was just 21, he and Steve Wozniak started Apple Computer in the Jobs' family garage.
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The Community Reinvestment Act is intended to encourage depository institutions to help meet the credit needs of the communities in which they operate, including low- and moderate-income neighborhoods, consistent with safe and sound operations
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Egyptian President Anwar El Sadat and Israeli Prime Minister Menachem Begin on 17 September 1978, following twelve days of secret negotiations at Camp David.
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The Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty was signed in Washington, D.C., United States on 26 March 1979, following the 1978 Camp David Accords.
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Fifty-two American diplomats and citizens were held hostage for 444 days from November 4, 1979, to January 20, 1981
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the brewing conservative resurgence wasn't just about cutting taxes, but also reducing government intervention in the economy and reinjecting religion politics
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an economic theory that advocates reducing taxes on businesses and the wealthy in society as a means to stimulate business investment in the short term and benefit society at large in the long term.
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America's public enemy number one in the United States is drug abuse. In order to fight and defeat this enemy, it is necessary to wage a new, all-out offensive
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The disease was first noticed en masse by doctors who treated gay men in Southern California, San Francisco, and New York City in 1981.
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She was the first woman to serve on the Court.
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An american politician and actor who served as the 40th President of the United States from 1981 to 1989
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October 23, 1983 - 241 US service personnel -- including 220 Marines and 21 other service personnel -- are killed by a truck bomb at a Marine compound in Beirut, Lebanon.
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Irangate, Contragate or the Iran–Contra scandal, was a political scandal in the United States that occurred during the second term of the Reagan Administration.
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an American syndicated talk show that aired nationally for 25 seasons from September 8, 1986 to May 25, 2011 in Chicago, Illinois.
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a speech made by US President Ronald Reagan in West Berlin on June 12, 1987, calling for the leader of the Soviet Union, Mikhail Gorbachev,
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Berlin Wall came down, borders opened, and free elections ousted Communist regimes everywhere in eastern Europe.
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On November 9, 1989, as the Cold War began to thaw across Eastern Europe, the spokesman for East Berlin's Communist Party announced a change in his city's relations with the West.
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He was the 41st President of the United States from 1989 to 1993.
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the Federal Republic of Germany to form the reunited nation of Germany, and when Berlin reunited into a single city
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a 2-day operation conducted by Iraq against the neighboring state of Kuwait, which resulted in the seven-month-long Iraqi occupation of the country.
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Operation Desert Shield for operations leading to the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm in its combat phase
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the buildup of troops and defense of Saudi Arabia and Operation Desert Storm in its combat phase, was a war waged by coalition forces from 35 nations led by the United States against Iraq in response to Iraq's invasion and annexation of Kuwait.
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the Soviet hammer and sickle flag lowered for the last time over the Kremlin, thereafter replaced by the Russian tricolor.
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Favorite U.S history teacher
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victim of Los Angeles Police Department brutality, after a videotape was released of several police officers beating him during his arrest on March 3, 1991.
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American politician who served as the 42nd President of the United States from 1993 to 2001.
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Republicans gaining 54 House and 9 U.S. Senate seats. When the Republicans gained this majority of seats in the 104th Congress, the Contract was seen as a triumph by party leaders such as Minority Whip Newt Gingrich, Dick Armey, and the American conservative movement in general.
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The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is an agreement signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States and entered into force on 1 January 1994 in order to establish a trilateral trade bloc in North America.
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NFL player, broadcaster, and actor Orenthal James Simpson was tried on two counts of murder for the June 12, 1994, deaths of his ex-wife Nicole Brown Simpson and Mezzaluna restaurant waiter Ronald Goldman. The trial spanned eleven months, from the jury's swearing-in on November 9, 1994.
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on December 19, 1998, against Bill Clinton, the 42nd President of the United States, on two charges, one of perjury and one of obstruction of justice.
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Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001”.
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Global War on Terrorism, is an international military campaign that was launched by the U.S. government after the September 11 attacks in the U.S. in 2001.
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American politician who served as the 43rd president of the United States from 2001 to 2009.
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Operation Enduring Freedom – Afghanistan (2001–2014) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel (2015–present).
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Operation Enduring Freedom Afghanistan (2001–2014) and Operation Freedom's Sentinel 2015–present.
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The September 11 attacks were a series of four coordinated terrorist attacks by the Islamic terrorist group al-Qaeda on the United States on the morning of Tuesday, September 11, 2001
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starting out in solar system exploration, the very first missions simply flew by Mars, taking as many pictures as possible on their way past.
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protracted military conflict in Iraq that began in 2003 with an attack by a coalition of forces led by the United States and that resulted in the overthrow of Saddam Hussein's regime. US combat troops were withdrawn in 2010.
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The Facebook website was launched on February 4, 2004, by Mark Zuckerberg, along with fellow Harvard College students and roommates
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Hurricane Katrina was an extremely destructive and deadly tropical cyclone that is tied with Hurricane Harvey of 2017 as the costliest tropical cyclone on record.
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on Saturday, 30 December 2006. Saddam was sentenced to death by hanging, after being convicted of crimes against humanity by the Iraqi Special Tribunal for the murder of 148 Iraqi Shi'ites in the town of Dujail in 1982, in retaliation for an assassination attempt against him.
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They run Apple's iOS mobile operating system. The first-generation iPhone was released on June 29, 2007, and there have been multiple new hardware iterations with new iOS releases since.
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a stimulus package enacted by the 111th U.S. Congress and signed into law by President Barack Obama in February 2009.
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67th United States Secretary of State, under President Barack Obama, from 2009 to 2013, overseeing the department that conducted the Foreign policy of Barack Obama.
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Barack Obama nominated Sotomayor to the Supreme Court following the retirement of Justice David Souter.
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an American politician who served as the 44th President of the United States from 2009 to 2017.
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a series of antigovernment uprisings affecting Arab countries of North Africa and the Middle East beginning in 2010.
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Against Jews and Crusaders, which declared the killing of North Americans and their allies an "individual duty for every Muslim" to "liberate the al-Aqsa Mosque
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Falcon 9 is a family of two-stage-to-orbit medium lift launch vehicles, named for its use of nine Merlin first-stage engines, designed and manufactured by SpaceX
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Donald Trump is the 45th and current President of the United States, in office since January 20, 2017. Before entering politics, he was a businessman and television personality.
