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His childhood was set about by liberal tutor, Zhukovsky and in his uni years saw the benefits of Western industrialisation
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Hopped off of the approving mood of the Zasulich trial, members of The People's Will agreed the Tsar was an enemy of the people, vowing to assasinate him
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Loans from France in 1888, 30% import tax and the rhetoric that 'We shall not eat but we shall export' (grain exports increased by 18%) led to the deaths of 350,000 peasants in the 1891-92 famine
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8,000 of these would be published across the empire until 1905, encouraging class consciousness and revolutionary ideas
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In line with the silver age of culture. The Ballet Russes for example are established as a revolutionary (not in the SR way) ballet group -
This was only put down with the help of loyal troops. Arrested members of the St Petersburg Soviet, summary executed ~15,000 (with Stolypin's necktie) and crackdowns on barricades put up by the SDs in Moscow. There were divides in demands among the groups taking part in the revolution and unrest in the countryside was mostly settled with Stolypin's land reforms
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Father Gapon and 150,000 marching peasants singing praises to the Tsar and asking for reform at the Winter Palace. They were fired at by Cossack soldiers, 130 died. This caused outrage against the Tsar who refused responsibility and helped spark the 1905 Revolution
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They meet and decide on seizing land and cattle, burning landowners' homes and refusing to pay tax and rent. The army was told to put down action, but with many soldiers being peasants - they refused and mutinied
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More individual responsibility for the males of the farms. It meant larger, more developed land to profit/sell than strip farming
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Despite the more diverse farming opportunities e.g. cereal in Siberia, only ~10% of peasants left their strip farming techniques. Kulaks did gain landed elite status but 1% of peasants would achieve social mobility
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Grain requisitioning was hard to get peasants on board with, some stockpiled it already from fears of fixed prices - rye was bought at ₽2.50 a pud. Petrograd only received a 1/3 of required food/fuel supplies and since inflation quadrupled from 1914-16 higher than wages could keep up - cosst of living went up by 300%
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Big influxes from 1905 and especially after peasants could leave the mir. Cereal and dairy production started up
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And assumes Commander-in-Chief of Army, he takes the blame for any losses and lacks military expertise. A homeless wizard influenced some ministerial dismissals. He was later murdered in 1916 by Prince Yusupov
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Poor morale and 50% of farmers are at war, so most are starving back home
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Despite Russia's financial woes due to the war, 9,000km of it stretching from Moscow to Vladivostok was opened and increasing political/social influence in Siberia
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145,000 workers on strike with 30,000 more in Moscow. Rodzianko (head of the Duma) asks for more power to keep the peace and the Tsar refuses
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To be rationed from the 1st of March, mass demonstrations in Petrograd
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Around 128,000 celebrate the day, led by women and striking Putilov arms workers (over wage disputes)
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Half of Petrograd's entire workforce - the Tsar is confident in his memoirs: 'all this will surely pass'
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Tsar orders the Duma to close, but they have meetings in secret. They're too obsolete anyway and they cease to exist during Dual Power
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80,000 soldiers mutiny against the Tsar's orders to fire at protesters. Half of whom join arms with them
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Shooting or imprisoning their officers, they set up their own soviet. The Tsar's train is also stopped on its way to Petrograd
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Issued by the Petrograd Soviet, effectively controlling the army. Military Commission of the State Duma can dish out orders to the army if they didn't contradict the Soviet of Workers, off-duty no longer had to salute officers and had access to civilian rights, all weapons under the control of a soldier committee
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A temporary body in place of the Tsar until the next Constituent Assembly elections
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On behalf of himself and his son, to give the tsardom to his younger brother Mikhail. He refused the position and ended 300 years of Romanov rule. The family was put under house arrest