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During the Northern wars of 1845 to 1846 Maori communities pledged to defend the township in case of possible attack.
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An ultimatum dated 9th July was delivered to the people of Ihumatao and other settlers requiring them to take an oath of allegiance to Queen Victoria or immediately retire to the Waikato.
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On the 12th of July 1863, British troops crossed the Mangatāwhiri River. The invasion of Waikato had begun.