-
-
On May 10th, 1774 Louis XVI (otherwise known as Louis-Auguste) was granted to be the king of France at age 19. He was inheriting a large responsibility and had to focus greatly on the responsibility of diverting the situation that of the major debt France was currently experiencing.
“Louis XVI.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis_XVI. -
On May 5th, 1789 the Estates-General came together to confer on the currently failing economy of France. Clergy made up the first estate, nobility following behind them, and the third made of commoners. These unfair taxes were growing worse overtime, and while this meeting gathered the representing parties from each estate, it also marked the beginning of the French Revolution.
“Estates General of 1789” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 2 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estates_General_of_1789 -
-
On June 20th, 1789 when the Tennis Court Oath was taken, members of the third estate were gathered in an abandoned tennis court after being blocked from joining the Estates-General meeting. They pledged to not leave said court until they have developed a new strong and fair constitution that revolved around their natural rights as a citizen of France.
“Tennis Court Oath.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 3 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tennis_Court_Oath -
In the afternoon of July 14th, 1789 the people of Paris stormed an old prison in search of supplies like weapons and gunpowder to protect themselves against the Swiss Guard. They believed King Louis XVI brought in this advanced army to massacre them. Although, he was simply concerned for his own safety, rather than the former belief of wanting to kill these citizens off.
“Storming of the Bastille” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 16 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storming_of_the_Bastille -
On July 22nd, 1789, exactly one week after the storming of the Bastille, the Great Fear had officially begun. Once the battle supplies had been gathered from the Bastille and the summer of 89' continued, peasants took this as an opportunity revealing itself and they began killing off members of the second estate. With this followed many battles and France broke out into chaos.
“Great Fear.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 1 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fear -
August 26th, 1789 marks the official date of the publication of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen. This declaration focused on the natural rights of a person, including the rights of equality, liberty, property, and security. This paper played a large role in the advancement of citizen rights.
“Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen -
-
After slaves in St. Domingue got word of the creation of the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen over in France, they began wondering how they could take advantage of their situation just as the people of France did. Slaves, free blacks, and ex-slaves immensely outnumbered those of French colonists, and when opportunity struck on August 21st, 1791, they began to revolt.
“Haitian Revolution.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Revolution. -
January 21st, 1793 marks the death of King Louis XVI where he was executed by guillotine. After caught trying to flee, King Louis XVI and his family were arrested and brought back to Paris. Later on, evidence of conspiracy between the King and foreign powers led for him to be put on trial. Just about one month after the trial, he was convicted to guilt and sentenced to death.
“Execution of Louis XVI.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 10 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Execution_of_Louis_XVI. -
On September 5th, 1793 the Reign of Terror began, starting a corruption in the government as all of this newfound power went to Robespierre's head. He went on arguing that this terror and absolute domination was necessary for the revolution to continue on to achieve its goals. Even with little or no evidence against them, thousands of citizens continued to be executed in France.
“Reign of Terror.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 12 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reign_of_Terror. -
The Directory came to be on October 26th, 1795 as the new constitution was developed and this five man committee rose from the shadows. This leading group fought to overcome challenges, while repairing the broken economy of France. Due to the former Reign of Terror, The Directory was constantly working to restore order and the past way of life.
“French Directory.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Directory. -
The War of Knives broke out on June 16th, 1799 when L'Ouverture and Rigaud began fighting for control of the island. They recently teamed up, but after successfully kicking the English out, common ground disappeared as they both had different ideas for the future of the island. L'Ouverture and his poor former slaves battled against Rigaud and his wealthy, well-educated former slaves for control.
“War of Knives.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 6 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_of_Knives. -
On December 15th, 1799 the French Revolution was declared over with the help of the new constitution that was put up for vote. The paper mainly adopted the idea of the French Consulate as the top level of government after the fall of The Directory. This national constitution effectively gave all power to Napoleon Bonaparte and established the end of the revolution.
“Constitution of the Year VIII.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 15 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII. -
After gaining control of St. Domingue, on July 8th, 1801 L'Ouverture creates and announces the new constitution for the island. These new laws outlawed slavery by giving all citizens equal rights, and he made himself leader for life. One newfound law that made citizens unhappy however, was the decision to outlaw voodooo, the religion of a majority of the people on the island.
“Constitution of Haiti.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Haiti. -
On August 25th, 1802 the plan was put into action by Jean-Jacques Dessalines. After L'Ouverture proclaimed his new constitution, not many people found it agreeable and grew angered by it. This led to part of his army joining the French troops, Dessalines being one of them, as his plan followed through with L'Ouverture being "invited" to a meeting, where he was captured upon entrance.
“Toussaint Louverture” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toussaint_Louverture -
On January 1st, 1804 the proclaimation of Haiti's independence was official. After the French defeat, Dessalines declared St. Domingue to be the first independent nation of former slaves while also returning to the Taino name for the island, Haiti. One of the biggest steps however, was the act of abolishing slavery and giving the people natural rights.
“Haitian Declaration of Independence.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 31 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Declaration_of_Independence. -
-
On September 16th, 1810 Mexico begins the split from Spain and they declare independence. A creole priest, Father Miguel Hidalgo, rallied mestizos and Native Americans to push for independence. Creoles were onboard with the idea at first, but when the want to end slavery and raise the rights of Native Americans came up, they dropped out in concern for their own power.
“Mexican War of Independence.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 8 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_War_of_Independence. -
On May 24th, 1813 Simon Bolivar, the creole leading revolutions in South America, arrived in Venezuela. Upon entering Merida, Venezuela, Bolivar was known or leading revolutions as an independence leader. In this case, he was simply leading the invasion into Venezuela. However, upon his exit, he was officially labeled El Libertador ("The Liberator") due to his conquering abilities.
“Simón Bolívar.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 14 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar. -
On August 7th, 1819 the Battle of Boyaca took place and grew in ways of strengthening Bolivar's campaign in the success of liberating New Granada. This battle is considered to be the start of the independence of North and South America. Overall, it was the beginning of a winning spree and the start of many of victories in South America.
“Battle of Boyacá.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 19 Dec. 2020, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Boyac%C3%A1. -
Peruvian Independence was declared on July 28th, 1821. This war was made of chains of military conflicts in Peru. After Simon Bolivar freed the Spanish of Caracas, Venezuela, he fought to then free Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia. Jose de San Martin was another revolutionary leader who took charge. The paper was signed, and just days later Peru was officially independent.
“Peruvian War of Independence.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Jan. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peruvian_War_of_Independence. -
Gran Colombia was founded on September 7th, 1821 with the formal name of Republic of Columbia. It was made of the modern day countries of Colombia, Panama, Venezuela, and Ecuador. Soon after the foundation was set, Simon Bolivar decided to take the lead in running for president. The nation became reorganized with Bolivar leading them and the nations independence as a whole was finally official.
“Gran Colombia.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 11 Feb. 2021, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gran_Colombia.
