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Plessy v.Ferguson
The case came from Louisiana. In 1890, Louisiana passed a law, the separate but equal act that required separate railroad cars for Blacks and whites. In 1892, passenger Homer Plessy refused to sit in a Jim Crow car, breaking a Louisiana law. -
Brown v. Board of Education
On May 17, 1954 the United States Supreme Court ruled case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas. The plaintiffs were thirteen Topeka parents on behalf of their 20 children. The Court’s unanimous decision overturned provisions of the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision, which had allowed for “separate but equal” public facilities, including public schools in the United States. the Brown v. Board decision helped break the back of state-sponsored segregation. -
Little Rock School Desegregation
Nine African American students attempted to integrate Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas. On 4 September 1957, the first day of school at Central High, a white mob gathered in front of the school, and Governor Orval Faubus deployed the Arkansas National Guard to prevent the black students from entering. On 23 September, President Eisenhower ordered troops from the Army’s 101st Airborne Division to protect the students. -
Great Society
The Great Society was a set of domestic programs in the United States launched by Democratic President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1964–65. The main goal was the elimination of poverty and racial injustice. The Great Society included programs, many created under the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, which established jobs and youth volunteer programs as well as Head Start, which provided pre-school education for poor children. -
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act
The Elementary and Secondary Education Act was part of President Lyndon B. Johnson’s Great Society program. Passed in 1965, it created a clear role for the federal government in K-12 policy, offering more than $1 billion a year in aid under its first statutory section. Known as Title I, that money helps districts cover the cost of educating disadvantaged students. -
Title IV
This is a comprehensive federal law that prohibits discrimination on the basis of sex in any federal funded education program or activity.The principal objective of Title IX is to avoid the use of federal money to support sex discrimination in education programs and to provide individual citizens effective protection against those practices. -
Texas Education Law 1975
In May 1975, Texas passed a law withholding state funds
from local school districts for children who were not legally admitted into the United States. The law allowed public schools the right to deny enrollment for children who were not legally admitted. -
Education of all Handicapped Children Act
The Education for All Handicapped Children Act is also known as Public Law 94-142. This law was created in an effort to provide an appropriate education for the millions of children with disabilities that were not receiving a proper education. This act required all public schools accepting federal funds to provide equal access to education and one free meal a day for children with physical and mental disabilities. -
Plyler v. Doe
In May 1975, Texas legislature revised its education laws to refuse education to children who were not legally admitted to the U.S. In 1982,the case of Plyler v. Doe. the U.S. Supreme Court rules that Texas law violates the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment. The Court stated that undocumented children have the same right to a free public education as U.S. citizens and permanent residents. -
No Child Left Behind
The No Child Left Behind Act is a federal law that provides money for extra educational assistance for poor children in return for improvements in their academic progress. The purpose is to improving Teacher Quality State Grants, is to increase the academic achievement of all students by helping schools and school districts improve teacher and principal quality and ensure that all teachers are highly qualified. NCLB is the most recent version of the 1965 Elementary and Secondary Education Act.
