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The first generation of computers, spanning the years from approximately 1940 to 1956, used vacuum tubes as their primary electronic component for circuitry and memory
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Second-generation computers were primarily made of transistors, which replaced the vacuum tubes of the first generation, along with magnetic core memory for storage and printed circuit boards
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Third generation computers are made of integrated circuits (ICs), which are small chips that contain multiple transistors, resistors, capacitors, and other electronic components. This shift from discrete transistors to integrated circuits resulted in computers that were smaller, faster, more powerful, more reliable, and more energy-efficient than those of the previous generation.
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Fourth-generation computers are made using Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) circuits, which allow for a single microprocessor chip to contain thousands or millions of transistors.
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The fifth generation of computers, which started in the 1980s and continues today, is characterized by Artificial Intelligence (AI), parallel processing, and advanced microelectronics like Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI)