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After the fall of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths establish a new Kingdom, the Kingdom of Toledo.
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King Ricaredo converts to Catholicism and unites the Visigothic Kingdom under one religion.
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St Isidoro of Sevilla was the first to write an encyclopedia.
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Muslims defeated the Visigoths at the Battle of Guadalete and Al-Andalus became part of the caliphate.
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Al-Andalus was an emirate, which means that it was ruled by an emir.
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Abderramán III declared that al-Andalus was an independent caliphate called the Córdoba Caliphate.
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(11 CENTURY A. D. ) This was a period of political crisis in the Córdoba Caliphate. As a result, it was divided into small kingdoms called taifa kingdoms, each of them ruled by an emir.
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13 CENTURY