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Early forms of international law appeared through treaties between ancient civilizations such as Mesopotamia, Egypt, and the Hittites. These agreements regulated peace, war, and diplomacy between states.
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Greek city-states developed rules on diplomacy, alliances, and treatment of envoys, introducing ideas of mutual respect among political communities.
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Rome contributed the concept of ius gentium (law of nations), which governed relations between Romans and foreigners and later influenced international legal principles.
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Canon law and medieval practices shaped early international norms, especially regarding war, trade, and diplomacy between kingdoms.
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The publication of De Jure Belli ac Pacis laid the intellectual foundations of international law based on natural law and legal principles binding on states.
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This treaty ended the Thirty Years’ War and established the principle of state sovereignty, marking the foundation of the modern international legal system.
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International law expanded through treaties regulating warfare, diplomacy, and trade, including the Geneva Conventions.
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Created after World War I to promote peace and collective security, representing an early attempt at institutionalized international cooperation.
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The UN Charter established a comprehensive framework for international law, human rights, and peaceful dispute resolution.
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International law now addresses global issues such as human rights, environmental protection, international criminal justice, and globalization.