-
Period: to
Prince Nikolaus Eszterhazy
Hayden's patron and employer after 1790 -
Period: to
Ludwig Van Beethoven
Instrumental in moving music towards Romanticism; he is an icon in our present culture; he established the heroic topic in orchestral music and was the transitional composer between classism and romanticism. -
Period: to
E. T. A. Hoffmann
German writer and composer; writer of The Nutcracker Fable; his writings emitomize romanticism; also an artist. -
Period: to
Carl Maria Von Weber
Founder of German Romantic Opera; studied with Michael Haydn; important conductor -
Period: to
Gioachino Rossini
The most famous composer in the early 19th century in Vienna; composed mostly choral music and operas; Italian -
Period: to
Gaetano Donizetti
Student of Mayr; Verdi's immediatge forerunner in serious Italian opera; prolific composer of all games -
Period: to
Franz Schubert
Australian composer who created a genre of artistic and dramatic Lieder; expansive melodies; frequent modulations; many unfinished works; romanticized after his early death -
Period: to
Vincenzo Bellini
Italian opera composer; created dramas with extreme passion, action, and emotion -
Louisiana Purchase
The Louisiana Purchase was the acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from France in 1803. In return for fifteen million dollars, or approximately eighteen dollars per square mile -
Period: to
Hector Berlioz
French composer, conductor, writer, and innovator; he was the leading French musician in his day; his works embodied the notions of romanticism. -
Period: to
Mikhail Glinka
The father of Russian music; European trained; prolific -
Period: to
Fanny Mendelssohn Hensel
Had the same training as Felix; she was discouraged from composing; married, the published more; her house was a center for intellectuals and culture -
Period: to
Felix Mendelssohn
Early romantic; conservative style; important as a conductor; revived Bach's music, German composer Jewish heritage. -
Period: to
Robert Schumann
Important as critic, editor, and composer; center of musical life; lost his sanity at a young age. -
Period: to
Frederic Francois Chopin
Polish/French composer and pianist; he innovated new piano techniques; he is more famous today than during his lifetime; known for his character pieces -
Period: to
Franz Liszt
Virtuoso pianist; conductor; author; supporter of Wagner; innovator in musical form, aesthetics, and harmonies; inventor of the orchestral tone poem -
Period: to
Giuseppe Verdi
The leading Italian opera of the 19th century; became a national hero of Italy -
Period: to
Richard Wagner
Creator of German Music Drama; conductor, writer, musical innovator; wrote about the future of music; Anti-Semite; profoundly influenced Western harmonies; strove for endless melodies -
Period: to
Charles Gounod
French prolific composer; wrote in most genres of the day -
Period: to
Clara Wieck Schumann
Virtuoso pianist; wife of Robert Schumann; close friend of Brahms -
Period: to
Cesar Franck
French nationalist composer, teacher, and organist -
Period: to
Anton Bruckner
Austrian composer and organist; follower of Wagner; known for his large orchestrations; incredibly conscientious approach to composition -
Period: to
Bedrich Smetana
Czech composer; established Czech opera in the 19th century -
Period: to
Johann Strauss
Viennese composer, conductor, and violinist; called the "Waltz-King" -
Period: to
Stephen Foster
American songwriter; vernacular style -
Period: to
Johannes Brahms
Austrian composer; known as a classic-romantic; strong knowledge of the musical past; one of the first editors of Bach's music; conductor, pianist; friend with the Schumanns; never wrote an opera -
Period: to
Camille Saint-Saens
French composer, pianist, organist, and writer -
Period: to
Georges Bizet
French composer who created a new type of serious French opera -
Period: to
Modest Musorgsky
One of the Russian Mighty Five; most famous of the 5 today; his music is rooted in Russian folksong and lore -
Period: to
John Knowles Paine
American; organist, composer; teacher of the new generation of American composers; Harvard's first professor of music -
Period: to
Piotr Il'yich Tchaikovsky
Russian composer, conductor and teacher; Western trained; emotional; conservative harmonic language -
Period: to
Antonin Dvorak
The most famous of the Czech composers; lived in the USA; influenced by African American and Native American music and culture -
Period: to
Nikolay Rimsky-Korsakov
One of the Russian Mighty Five; important as a teacher; conductor; wrote an orchestration treatise -
Period: to
Gabriel Faure
French composer, teacher, and keyboardist; he foreshadowed modern tonality and style; extremely important as a teacher; head of the Paris Conservatory -
Mexican-American War
The Mexican-American War was a conflict between the United States and Mexico, fought from April 1846 to February 1848. -
Period: to
John Philip Sousa
American; leader of the U.S. Marine band in 1880 -
Period: to
Leos Janacek
Czech composer; ethnomusicologist; influenced by folk music -
Period: to
Edward Elgar
English composer; received international acclaim; not folksong oriented -
Period: to
Giacomo Puccini
Italian opera composer; gift for delicate melodies; strove for realism; the most successful Italian opera composer after Verdi -
Period: to
Hugo Wolf
Wrote mostly Lieder; influenced by Wagner -
American Civil War
The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865, fought between northern states loyal to the Union and southern states that had seceded to form the Confederate States of America. -
Death of Abraham Lincoln
At 7:22 a.m., Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, dies from a bullet wound inflicted the night before by John Wilkes Booth, an actor and Confederate sympathizer. -
Spanish-American War
The Spanish–American War was an armed conflict between Spain and the United States in 1898. Hostilities began in the aftermath of the internal explosion of USS Maine in Havana Harbor in Cuba, leading to U.S. intervention in the Cuban War of Independence.