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100
Plato
(c. 428–348 BC) was called by biologist Ernst Mayr "the great antihero of evolutionism", because he promoted belief in essentialism, which is also referred to as the Theory of Forms. -
100
Aristotle
(384–322 BC), the most influential of the Greek philosophers in Europe in the Middle Ages, was a student of Plato and is also the earliest natural historian whose work has been preserved in any real detail. His writings on biology resulted from his research into natural history on and around the isle of Lesbos, and have survived in the form of four books, usually known by their Latin names, De anima (on the essence of life), Historia animalium (inquiries about animals), De generatione animalium. -
100
Zeno of Citium
(334–262 BC) the founder of the Stoic school of philosophy, agreed with Aristotle and other earlier philosophers that nature showed clear evidence of being designed for a purpose; this view is known as teleology. -
100
Empedocles
(c. 490–430 BC)
Specifically the first animals and plants were like disjointed parts of the ones we see today, some of which survived by joining in different combinations, and then intermixing, and wherever "everything turned out as it would have if it were on purpose, there the creatures survived, being accidentally compounded in a suitable way". -
Period: 100 to
Theories of evolution by Natalie Pendovska
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Jan 18, 1260
Thomas Aquinas
Thomas believed life could form from non living material or plant life, a theory of ongoing abiogenesis known as spontaneous generation: -
Jean-Baptiste Chevalier De Lamarck
He was the first to state that evolution was happening.
He theory was not correct.
Lamarck published a series of books on invertebrate zoology and paleontology. Of these, Philosophie zoologique, published in 1809, most clearly states Lamarck's theories of evolution. Arachnida. -
Adam Sedgwick
Sedgwick was one of several great figures in what has been called the Heroic Age of geology -- the time when the great geological time periods were defined, and when much exploration and fundamental research was carried out. Sedgwick's work placed him at the epicenter of one of the most heated geological controversies of his day, stemming from his work with the gentleman geologist Roderick Impey Murchison. They explored the geology of Scotland in 1827, and in 1839 they jointly presented their re -
Richard Owen
Owen synthesized French anatomical work, especially from Cuvier and Geoffroy, with German transcendental anatomy. He gave us many of the terms still used today in anatomy and evolutionary biology, including "homology". Owen famously defined homology in 1843 as "the same organ in different animals under every variety of form and function." To take one example of homology: Structures as different as a bat's wing, a seal flipper, a cat's paw and a human hand nonetheless display a common plan of str -
Herbert Spencer
The first fruit of his friendship with Evans and Lewes was Spencer's second book, Principles of Psychology, published in 1855, which explored a physiological basis for psychology. Spencer is best known for coining the concept "survival of the fittest", which he did in Principles of Biology (1864) after reading Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species. -
Charlies Darwin
English naturalist, he established all species of life desended from their ancestory's. Most influential figure in human history. In 1858, Charles Darwin published a new evolutionary theory that was explained in detail in Darwin's On the Origin of Species. The theory was based on the idea of natural selection, and it synthesized a broad range of evidence from animal husbandry, biogeography, geology, morphology, and embryology. -
Gregory Johann Mendal
Gregor was the father of genetics in which he studied the inheritance of traits in pea plants. He had read, Darwins book "Origin of Species". Mendel did read his paper, Versuche über Pflanzenhybriden (Experiments on Plant Hybridization), at two meetings of the Natural History Society of Brünn in Moravia in 1865. -
Scopes Trial
The Scopes Trial, formally known as The State of Tennessee v. John Thomas Scopes and commonly referred to as the Scopes Monkey Trial, was a famous American criminal trial in 1925 in which a high school science science teacher, John Scopes, was accused of violating Tennessee's Butler Act, which made it unlawful to teach evolution in any state-funded school. The trial was deliberately staged in order to attract publicity to the small town of Dayton, Tennessee, where it was held. -
Theodosius Dobzhansky
Theodosius Grygorovych Dobzhansky was a prominent geneticist and evolutionary biologist, and a central figure in the field of evolutionary biology for his work in shaping the unifying modern evolutionary synthesis.He published a major work of the modern evolutionary synthesis, the synthesis of evolutionary biology with genetics, in 1937.
He was awarded the National Medal of Science in 1964,[3] and the Franklin Medal in 1973.
