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Declaration of independence form the USA
- List of natural & unalienable rights (life, liberty & pursuit of happiness) endowed by the Creator
- Negatives aspects of Georges III’s “tyranny & despotism”, the rights he took away
- Creation of institutions to secure these rights & independence of the USA
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The Monroe Doctrine
- European countries would no longer colonize of interfere with America’s affairs
- USA will be neutral in Europeans’ war & colonies → Isolationist foreign policy of USA & its relationship with Latin America
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The Manifest Destiny
Bring development to the world → American expansion & nationalism -
Hawaii becomes American
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Treaty of Paris
- Independence of Cuba but Guantanamo Bay becomes American possession
- Annexation of Puerto Rico + Guam
- Philippines for $ 20 million
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Period: to
World War I
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War declaration to Germany
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The 14 points of Wilson
Main ideas :
- Restitution of frontiers as they were before in Europe
- Develop commerce
- Right of people to govern themselves
- Creation of the League of Nations (international moral order, democracy & free trade → unilateralism) -
Period: to
Washington Conference
Reduce arms race -
Dawes Plan
Reducing annual reparations payments of Germany -
Period: to
World War II
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Four Freedoms
Speech by Roosevelt Paintings by Norman Rockwell in 1943 -
Atlantic Charter
Agreement between the UK & the USA- Uphold the four freedoms
- Ban aggressions & require the disarmament of aggressor nations
- Give self-determination of liberated nations
- Advocate the formation of a new international organisation : The United Nations
- Pledge the freedoms of the seas
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Pearl Harbor Attack
Japanese attack leaded to USA war declaration en entry in WWII -
Bretton Woods
- IMF : Free convertibility of every nation’s currency
- IBRD (or World Bank) : International Bank for Reconstruction & Development finances long-term programmes
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Period: to
Yalta Conference
- Divide Germany into 4 zones
- Hunt down & punish war criminals responsible for the genocide
- Hold free elections when countries where liberated from occupation
- Create a new UN to keep peace after war
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Truman Doctrine
Give money to European countries so they don't get under Sovietic influence Marshall Plan / European Recovery Program (ERP) -
Period: to
Postdam Conference
Disagreements between Stalin & Truman :- About Germany : Stalin wanted to cripple Germany completely ≠ Truman
- Reparation : Stalin wanted compensation from Germany ≠ Truman
- Soviet policy in Eastern Europe : Truman was unhappy about Soviet intentions on EE → “get though” attitude towards Stalin
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Period: to
Cold War
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Atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
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Telegram
American diplomat in Moscow (George Kennan) sent a telegram to the State Department in Washington to say Soviet Russia was changing its policy → threat for the USA -
Period: to
Berlin Blockage
- Give supplies to West Berlin to live & rebuilt the city after all transport ways were destroyed (blockage) → 1 plane every 5 sec
- Consequences :
• NATO : Military alliance of 12 states → principle of collective security (permanent US military on the continent)
• FRG & GDR (1949)
• Berlin = big symbol of the Cold War
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Period: to
Berlin Wall
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Period: to
Cuban Missiles Crisis
- Bay of pigs : USSR Cuba arrested American GI’s
- Blockage to avoid any ship to approach Cuba
- Missiles can strike a lot of countries, not only USA → Those countries must help them to fight against communism (Monroe Doctrine)
- Khrushchev sent a letter to Kennedy to try to calm down the situation
- Hotline
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"Ich bin ein Berliner" speech by Kennedy
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Period: to
Vietnam War
- Domino effect : Eastern Asia becomes communist
- Vietminh attacked US vessel in the Gulf of Tonkin → US response
- Media War
- Search & destroy
- TET offensive (1968) : Vietcong showing they’re not giving up
- Peace & love movement
- End of the Vietnam War : • 1970 : SALT with the USSR (Strategic Arms Limitation Talk) • 1972 : Nixon to China • Peace agreement : Nixon & South Vietnamese President Thieu in Paris • “vietnamisation” of the war effort
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WTC attack
- War on terror → terrorists, regimes & states which had backed terrorism in any form
- Bin Laden : prime suspect of 09.11 → Bush demanded that Taliban hang over Al-Qaeda leaders to the USA
- Taliban out of power but Bin Laden not captured
- ISAF : Afghan interim authority has to maintain security
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Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation by the UK & USA without UN authorisation -
Saddam Hussein captured
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Operation Neptune Spear
Bin Laden attacked & killed
