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Period: to
Revolution of Natural Selection
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Jean- Baptiste Lamarck; Born
- species change over time by comparing current species of animals fossil forms. -interpreted "line of descent" -specoes increased in complexity over time till they achieved a level of perfection
- thought characteristics could be passed on to offspring called it "the inheritance of aquired characteristics"
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Comte de Buffon; Born
Published 44-volume HIstoire Naturelle, gained understandings of the natural world. Found the differences of humans and apes. -
Thomas Malthus; Born
"Essay on the Principles of Population"
-proposed the populations produced more offspring than their environments could support
-but were eventually reduced by starvation and disease -
Georges Cuvier; Born
developed the science of paleontology.
- found each stratum is characterized by a unique group of fossils
- found the dissimilar species are from modern life
- working from stratum to stratum he found that species appeared and disappeared over time = species would be extinct -
Charles Lyell ; Born
REJECTED the idea of revolutions
- he proposed the geological process at the same rates in the past as of today
- he reasoned if geological changes are slow and continuous rather than catastrophic then earth may be more than 6000 years old. -
Charles Darwin; Born
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Alfred Russel Wallace; Born
British Naturalist
-populations changed as time passed but were UNCLEAR how they changed.
- according to Wallace and Darwin individuals with physical, behavioral or other traits that helped them survive local environments are more likely to survive and pass on their traits to offspring
- reasoned competition for limited resources among individuals of the same species would select their favorable traits to increase survival and reproduce
= NATURAL SELECTION -
Jean Baptiste Lamarck; end
- provided a hypothesis for how the heredity of characteristics from one generation to the next might happen
- noted that the organisms adaptations to the environment resulted in characteristics could be inherited by offspring
- Lamarcks ideas were controversial to many people becuase they believed species never changed.
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Scholars of Inquiry
Paleotology, Geology, Geography & biology ;began to share ideas to how life could change through time -
Georges Cuvier ; end
Cuvier proposed the idea that the Earth experienced many destructive events such as:
- volcanic eruptions
-flood
and other natural events... -
Thomas Malthus; End
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On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
1.) Present forms of life arise by descent from ancestral species
2.) natural selection working for long periods of time -before and after publication biologists, geologists, geographers and paleontologists supported and strengthened theory that is now called THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION -
Charles Darwin; Beagle
-explore the natural history or various countries and geographical locations.
did not understand the significance of his observations and resulted to his THEORY OF EVOLUTION BY NATURAL SELECTION -
Charles Lyell End
- theorized slow processes could result in substantial changes could happen over a long period of time
- change happening today is no different than it was in the past
- "If Earth is slowly changing, they wondered, could slow, subtle changes occur in populations?"
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Charles Darwin; End
- Wrote about "descent of modification" he didnt use evolution because he felt that each generation was improving in some way. -Natural Selection is different from progress; results to survive conditions and reproduce successfully giving survivors to passs on trait that helped them throughout their survival
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Alfred Russel Wallace; End
