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In the A.D 100s people started developing the theory about the planets and sun moving around the earth, called the geocentric theory.
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It wasn't until the 1500s that scientist Nicolaus Lopernicus thought the geocentric theory was wrong and that the sun was the center of the universe. This theory is called the heliocentric theory.
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In the 1500s and 1600s Gattfried Liebnitz and Isaac Newton separately developed calculus, a new branch of math.
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In the late 1500s Antoni van Leevwenholee wrote about bacteria through a microscope, never before seen by the human eye.
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Scientist Johannes Kepler used models, observation, and mathematics to test the heliocentric theory. The theory was correct however some of the ideas the theory was based off of were wrong. He published his laws of planetary motion in 1609 with the help of scientist Galilio Galilei who produced clear evidence that the earth moved around the sun.
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Galilei built a telescope to further study the planets and moons. He used his observations to prove that not everything in space revolves around the earth.
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In 1620 Francis Bacon published a book explaining his beliefs that no assumption could be trusted unless it could be proven by repeatable experiments.
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Many people refused to accept Galilei's theory because it "went against the bible" and the telescope was an "invention of the devil". Even many traditional scholars did not agree with Galilei's theory. They believed that all heavier objects fell faster than lighter ones until he proved that all objects fall at the same rate unless there is friction in the air. This is the basis of the modern science of the study of objects in motion.
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Scientist Rene Descartes stated that all assumptions had to be proven by scientific facts.
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Scientist Rene Descartes created a description of the way light reflects from a smooth surface and was punished for it because his work went against traditional church teachings.
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Robert Boyle created chemistry, the composition of matter and how it changes.
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In 1687 Isaac Newton published a book about how all planets revolved around the sun. No one knew why the planets did this.
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Newton proved that universal gravitation exists, where the attraction between two objects can be measured. He also explained his three laws of motion.
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Renaissance artist Leonardo da Vinci inspired Andreas Vesalius to rewrite a book of human muscles and tissues written by Galen 400 years earlier.
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Schools began devoting to teaching science and anyone anywhere could now read about the latest developments in science.
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Scientist Antoine Lavoisier wrote one of the most important principles in chemistry, the law of conservation of matter. It states that matter can change form, but can't be destroyed or created.
