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The independence of Latin America
These revolutions or Latin American Wars of Independence ranged from the Haitian Revolution led by Toussaint L'Ouverture to the Mexican War of Independence started by Miguel Hidalgo.
After three centuries of colonial rule, independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese America Latin America except the Spanish colonies of Cuba and Puerto Rico slipped out of the hands of the Iberian powers who had ruled the region since the conquest. -
Napoleon invades the Papal States
In 1809, however, during the Napoleonic Wars, Napoleon once again invaded the Papal States, resulting in his excommunication through the papal bull Quum memoranda. Pius VII was taken prisoner and transported to France. -
London to Birmingham line opens
The London to Birmingham Railway was one of the largest engineering projects attempted in the world. First proposed in the early 1830s to connect the capital with the booming cities of Manchester and Liverpool, the railway became London's first rail line (with a station in Euston). The 112 miles between London Euston and Birmingham Curzon Street took a journey time of 12 hours and 30 minutes. -
Billy the Kid
Billy the Kid was born William Henry McCarty Jr. on November 23, 1859, in New York City. Little is known about his early life, but it is believed that his father died or left the family when Billy was very young, and he was orphaned at 15 when his mother died of tuberculosis -
Bulgarians instigate the April Uprising against Ottoman rule.
The April Uprising (Bulgarian language: Априлско въстание , Aprilsko vǎstanie) was an insurrection organised by the Bulgarians in the Ottoman Empire from April to May 1876, which indirectly resulted in the re-establishment of Bulgaria in 1878. -
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Little War against Spanish rule in Cuba
The Little War or Small War (Spanish: Guerra Chiquita) was the second of three conflicts between Cuban rebels and Spain. It started on 26 August 1879 and after some minor successes ended in rebel defeat in September 1880. -
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The Jules Ferry laws
The Jules Ferry Laws are a set of French laws which established free education in 1881, then mandatory and laic (secular) education in 1882. Jules Ferry, a lawyer holding the office of Minister of Public Instruction in the 1880s, is widely credited for creating the modern Republican school (l'école républicaine). -
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First Italo-Ethiopian War
The First Italo-Ethiopian War was a conflict between the Ethiopian Empire and the Kingdom of Italy during the Scramble for Africa from 1895 to 1896, initiated by the disputed Treaty of Wuchale where the Italians tried to convert Ethiopia into an Italian Protectorate. -
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Zeppelin LZ 1 airship first produced.
The ship was completed in the winter of 1899 but von Zeppelin decided to wait until the summer of 1900 before attempting to fly his invention. The ship was inflated with hydrogen gas in June and made its maiden flight on July 2, 1900. -
End of the 19th century
The last decades of the nineteenth century were marked by rapid expansion and change in the United States, including the disappearance of the great American frontier and the acquisition of island possessions overseas as an outcome of the Spanish–American War.