-
Period: to
Cherubini
He was an Italian Romantic composer. He was known for operas and sacred music. He was awarded a scholarship by Grand Duke of Tuscany to study music in Bologna and Milan. -
Period: to
Beethoven
He was a German composer who was considered to be a musical geniuses. He combined vocals and instrumental music. Beethoven helped connect the Classical and Romantic age of Western music. -
Period: to
Hoffmann
E. T. A. Hoffmann was a German Romantic composer. He is the author of the novella The Nutcracker and the Mouse King. His stories highly influenced 19th century literature. -
Period: to
Historical event
The Industrial Revolution - mechanization and new manufacturing processes transformed people's way of life in Britain and elsewhere. -
Historical event
The French Revolution brought about an end to the monarchy in France. -
Period: to
Rossini
Gioacchino Rossini was an Italian composer. He became famous for his 39 operas. -
Period: to
Schubert
Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic era. He composed over 600 Lieder. He was born in Himmelpfortgrund. -
Period: to
Donizetti
Gaetano Donizetti was born in the northern Italian city of Bergamo to an impoverished. His first staged opera was Enrico di Borgogna in 1818. -
Period: to
Berlioz
Louis-Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer. His most famous work is Symphonie Fantastique. -
Period: to
Mendelssohn
Felix Mendelssohn was born in Hamburg, German. He was a very privileged child. He came from a rich Jewish family. His grandfather was the great Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn. -
Period: to
Chopin
Frederic Chopin published his first composition at the age of 7. He was one of the most influential and popular composers of piano music in the 19th century. -
Period: to
Liszt
Franz Liszt was a Hungarian composer. He was a music teacher and arranger of the Romantic era. He began to compose at the age of eight and enjoyed piano lessons from his father. -
Historical event
Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein. -
Historical event
Lord Byron publishes Don Juan -
Period: to
Clara Schumann ( Wieck)
She was the wife of Robert Schumann. Clara Josephine Schumann was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher. She was a virtuoso pianist. -
Stylistic trait
Harmony - sevenths, ninths, and harmonic chromaticism dominated almost every genre of music. Dissonance was used freely without proper preparation. -
Historical event
John Keats dies at the age of 25. He was an English Romantic poet born in London on October 31, 1795. He was the eldest of four children. -
Stylistic trait
Chromaticism - chromatic harmonies were used freely -
Genre
Nocturne- Certain instrumental works, typically for solo piano in the 19th century. -
Musical Invention
Tuba - Carl Wilhelm Moritz invented the bass tuba. The tuba has essentially taken the place of the ophicleide, a keyed brass instrument, in the orchestra. -
Stylistic trait
Melody - The upward leap of a sixth was the " romantic " interval, and many melodies included it, or even began with it. -
Stylistic trait
Rhythm - music in the 19th century used more meter changes than ever before -
Musical Invention
Saxophone - Adolphe Sax was inspired to invent the saxophone because he wanted to create an instrument that combined the elements of the woodwind and brass family. -
Musical Invention
Flute- Theobald Boehm worked on redesigning the flute in order to improve the instrument's range, volume, and intonation. Boehm changed the position of the keyholes. -
Genre
Operas - There were several types of opera in the 19th century. Generally, operas were staged theatrical productions for soloist, vocal ensembles, and an orchestra. -
Musical Invention
Oboe - Charles Triebert made modifications to the oboe. The changes earned him a prize in 1855 Paris Exposition. -
Genre
Concerto - Solo concertos continued to thrive in the 19th century. The opening ritornello was usually extended so much so that it functioned as a long expository orchestral section. -
Genre
Symphony- The symphony in the 19th century was a cultivated traditional concert piece. Many composers' careers were contingent upon their first symphonic productions. -
Genre
Lied - Lieder of the 19th century took on new musical importance as Schubert and the romantics took the emotional and expressive content of the genre to a higher artistic plane. Songs were written for a solo singer and a pianist and were performed in intimate settings for poetic effect.