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He was an Italian Romantic composer. He was known for operas and sacred music. He was awarded a scholarship by Grand Duke of Tuscany to study music in Bologna and Milan.
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He was a German composer who was considered to be a musical geniuses. He combined vocals and instrumental music. Beethoven helped connect the Classical and Romantic age of Western music.
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E. T. A. Hoffmann was a German Romantic composer. He is the author of the novella The Nutcracker and the Mouse King. His stories highly influenced 19th century literature.
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The Industrial Revolution - mechanization and new manufacturing processes transformed people's way of life in Britain and elsewhere.
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The French Revolution brought about an end to the monarchy in France.
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Gioacchino Rossini was an Italian composer. He became famous for his 39 operas.
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Franz Peter Schubert was an Austrian composer of the late Classical and early Romantic era. He composed over 600 Lieder. He was born in Himmelpfortgrund.
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Gaetano Donizetti was born in the northern Italian city of Bergamo to an impoverished. His first staged opera was Enrico di Borgogna in 1818.
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Louis-Hector Berlioz was a French Romantic composer. His most famous work is Symphonie Fantastique.
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Felix Mendelssohn was born in Hamburg, German. He was a very privileged child. He came from a rich Jewish family. His grandfather was the great Jewish philosopher Moses Mendelssohn.
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Frederic Chopin published his first composition at the age of 7. He was one of the most influential and popular composers of piano music in the 19th century.
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Franz Liszt was a Hungarian composer. He was a music teacher and arranger of the Romantic era. He began to compose at the age of eight and enjoyed piano lessons from his father.
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Mary Shelley publishes Frankenstein.
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Lord Byron publishes Don Juan
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She was the wife of Robert Schumann. Clara Josephine Schumann was a German pianist, composer and piano teacher. She was a virtuoso pianist.
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Harmony - sevenths, ninths, and harmonic chromaticism dominated almost every genre of music. Dissonance was used freely without proper preparation.
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John Keats dies at the age of 25. He was an English Romantic poet born in London on October 31, 1795. He was the eldest of four children.
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Chromaticism - chromatic harmonies were used freely
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Nocturne- Certain instrumental works, typically for solo piano in the 19th century.
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Tuba - Carl Wilhelm Moritz invented the bass tuba. The tuba has essentially taken the place of the ophicleide, a keyed brass instrument, in the orchestra.
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Melody - The upward leap of a sixth was the " romantic " interval, and many melodies included it, or even began with it.
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Rhythm - music in the 19th century used more meter changes than ever before
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Saxophone - Adolphe Sax was inspired to invent the saxophone because he wanted to create an instrument that combined the elements of the woodwind and brass family.
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Flute- Theobald Boehm worked on redesigning the flute in order to improve the instrument's range, volume, and intonation. Boehm changed the position of the keyholes.
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Operas - There were several types of opera in the 19th century. Generally, operas were staged theatrical productions for soloist, vocal ensembles, and an orchestra.
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Oboe - Charles Triebert made modifications to the oboe. The changes earned him a prize in 1855 Paris Exposition.
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Concerto - Solo concertos continued to thrive in the 19th century. The opening ritornello was usually extended so much so that it functioned as a long expository orchestral section.
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Symphony- The symphony in the 19th century was a cultivated traditional concert piece. Many composers' careers were contingent upon their first symphonic productions.
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Lied - Lieder of the 19th century took on new musical importance as Schubert and the romantics took the emotional and expressive content of the genre to a higher artistic plane. Songs were written for a solo singer and a pianist and were performed in intimate settings for poetic effect.