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476
The Fall of Rome
The fall of Rome was the start of the Medieval Era. -
Period: 476 to 1435
Medieval Era
During this time period all music was either Divine (came from God) or Cosmic (music of the spheres). The greeks in this time period also believed that music and poetry were one. -
Period: 715 to 731
Pope Gregory
(Dates listed are the dates he ruled, NOT his birth and death)
Pope Gregory is responsible for reorganizing and cataloging the chants that we had during this time. -
800
Polyphony
Polyphony and notation were the start of the Romanesque Era. -
Period: 850 to 1150
Romanesque Era
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Period: 991 to 1033
Guido d'Arezzo
d'Arezzo is the creator of the staff. His staff however is different than the staff we know today. His staff only had four lines. The red line implied the note F and the Yellow line implied the note C. -
1000
Organum
Organum was extant in the 800s, described in the 900s, but it wasn't notated until 1000 CE. Organum can be best described as a plainchant melody with an added melody. Sung togehter, these two melody were a bunch of parallel 4ths and 5ths because 3rd were dissonant and not used. -
Period: 1098 to 1179
Hildegard von Bingen
Hildegard was the founder and abbess of the covent at Rupertsberg, Germany. She's famous for her prophetic powers and revelations. She is also the first female composer in contemporary musicology to recieve extensive scholarly research. She began composing poetry and music in the 1140s. It is important to know that her music is NOT Gregorian Chant. -
Period: 1150 to 1201
Leonin
(Dates are when his music was eround, NOT his birth and death) Leonin is the first composer of polyphonic music. He's credited with compiling the Magnus liber organi and Viderunt omnes. He identified with the School of Notre Dame. -
1152
Alleluia, O virga mediatrix
This piece is from the marality play Ordo virtutum. It was written by Hildegard -
Period: 1155 to 1207
Raimbaut de Vaqueiras
Vaquerias served at the court in Montferrat. He was killed in battle, but wrote 35 poems, 7 survived with music. -
1170
Magnus liber organi
This is a piece written by Leonin. -
1200
Perotin
(Date listed is around when his music was dated) Perotin possibly studied with Leonin. He identified with the School of Notre Dame. -
1200
Organum Triplum
(Date is not exact) This is a piece written by Perotin. It's a three part organum. -
Period: 1291 to 1361
Philippe de Vitry
Philippe was the first composer of the Ars Nova. -
Period: 1300 to 1350
The Ars Nova
Ars Nova translates to "new art". During this time, rhythmic polyphony was apparent in motets. A motet is a musical composition that could handle radical innovations. The complex rhythms in these motets did not last, but resurfaced in the 20th centrury and are seen in african music. -
Period: 1300 to 1377
Guillaume de Machaut
Machaut is the most famous composer and poet of this time. He has more than 20 extant motets. -
Period: 1325 to 1397
Francesco Landini
Landini was a Music theorist, composer, poet, and organist. He was mainly famous because he was blind. He is the most famous italian composer of the 14th century. -
1340
The Bubonic plague
This plague killed over 75 million people during this 40s. This caused lots of suffrage and hearache for the people -
Period: 1390 to 1453
John Dunstable
Dunstable influenced the musical style in Europe. There were more 3rds and 6ths used in his music. His complete works were not published until 1953. -
Period: 1397 to 1474
Guillaume Dufay
Dufat was the first Renaissance composer -
1430
Medieval Time
Music wasn't really recorded again until the 1430s. Musicians during this time knew about Greek theory and their ideas about music, but they didn't have extant examples from Greek Antiquity. Most music around this time surrounded the church, as they were the leaders of this era. -
Period: 1430 to
Renaissance
The word Renaissance means rebirth. During this time there were many new thoughts and ideas around the arts, science, and religion. There was a shift from a focus of God and religion to a focus on human beings and nature. Chants began to be paraphrased and music wsa beginning to have 5-8 parts compared to 4 parts. This era was also known as the golden age of a cappella singing. -
Period: 1435 to 1511
Johannes Tinctoris
Tinctoris was a composer and music theorist.. He also wrote the first dictonary of musical terms -
Period: 1450 to 1521
Josquin des Prez
Josquin worked at Notre Dame in 1504 as the provost. He also sang in the Sistine Chapel choir in Rome from 1489-94. His music was so emotion-filled and popular, that people try to steal it as their own. His music might have been sung by soloists, but from 1469 and on, choirs were used for polyphony in motets and masses -
Period: 1452 to 1519
Leonardo da Vinci
Da Vinci was a very well known painter during the Renaissance. -
Period: 1504 to 1511
Ottaviano Petrucci
Petrucci published 11 volumes of frottola ("pop music" of the renaissance) between these dates -
Period: 1507 to 1568
Jacques Arcadelt
Arcadelt Was one of the earliest Italian madrigal composers. He composed over 250 madrigals, 125 french chasons, and sacred music. -
1510
Pange Linqua
Pange Linquia is a piece written by Josquin. -
1517
The Reformation
Augustinian monk, Martin Luther began protesting and made this movement. The Catholic church excommunicated him. -
Period: 1521 to
Philipp de Monte
Monte is wel known specifically because he wrote the most. He has 1073 Madrigals. -
Period: 1525 to
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Palestrina is the most famous composer from the Renaissance era. Even though the church wanted everything homorhythmic, Palestrina continued using polyphony, showing that he could make any texture understood. His style of counterpoint is still used as a teaching tool. -
1530
Italian Madrigal
This was a form of aristocratic entertainment. There would only be one voice on each part, but sometimes instruments would play a voice part. -
Period: 1542 to
William Byrd
Byrd was a Roman Catholic who lived in Protestant England. He was harassed because of his religion. He wrote many anthems including Will Yow Walke the Woods soe Wylde -
Period: 1557 to
Giovanni Gabrieli
Gabrieli was the leading composer of instrumental ensemble music and polychoral works in the late renaissance. He was the first to indicate the actual instruments he wanted in the score and indicate dynamics. -
Period: 1564 to
William Shakespeare
Shakespeare lived into the early Baroque time. Many Renaissance-style songs were composed for and used in his plays. -
Period: 1567 to
Claudio Monteverdi
Monteverdi wrote 9 books of madrigals. He also composed several operas during the baroque era. -
1570
Spem in Alium
Spem in Alium is a 40-part vocal piece written by Thomas Tallis. -
Canzona septimi toni
This is a piece from Gabrieli's larger collection, Sacred Symphonies. It has 2 choirs of instruments, each with four parts. -
Fair Phyllis
Fair Phyllis is a piece composed by John Farmer. There are 4 solo voices in this piece. There is word painting in this piece as well