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Between 13 and 20 billion years ago occured
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First solar-lunar calendar was made in Egypt
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Aristarchus suggests that the earth revolves around the Sun
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Erathostenes measures the circumference of the Earth with extremely exactitude
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Ptolomy suggests that the Sun revolves around the Earth
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Chinese astronomers observe supernova in Taurus
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Construction of an observatory in Cairo was begun in 1120 A.D. This is possibly the first observatory built in Medieval Islam. Unfortunately, the patron of the observatory was found guilty of several crimes including communication with Saturn, and was sentenced to death. The observatory was then destroyed in 1125 A.D. and the personnel were forced to flee for their lives.
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Copernicus publishes his heliocentric theory of the Universe.
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Galileo uses telescope for astronomical purposes. He discovers 4 Jovian moons, the Moon's craters and the Milky Way galaxy.
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Christian Huygens discovers Saturn's rings and Titan, the fourth satellite of Saturn.
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Martian polar ice caps are noted by Cassini.
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The first reflecting telescope was built by Newton.
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Danish astronomer Ole Romer measures the speed of light
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Newton publishes his theory of universal gravitation in the work Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica. This is seen to be the start of Modern Astronomy.
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Sputnik, first object to orbit the Earth, launched by the Russians.
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