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The first attack was directed against the Tangut kingdom of Hsi Hsia (Xi Xia), a northwestern border-state of China, and ended in a declaration of allegiance by the Xi Xia king.
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In 1206, Genghis Khan founded the Mongol empire
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The fall of Beijing marked the loss of all the territory north of the Huang He (Yellow River) to the Mongols.
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A destructive campaign was launched against Xi Xia in 1226–27 because the Xi Xia king had refused to assist the Mongols in their expedition against Khwārezm.