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The Ming Dynasty was founded by Zhu Yuanzhang, who became Emperor Hongwu, after the defeat of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. This marked the beginning of nearly three centuries of Ming rule over China. -
Chancellor Hu Weiyong was executed for treason, marking a significant moment in Emperor Hongwu’s reign. This event led to the abolition of the position of chancellor and centralized power more firmly in the hands of the emperor. -
Zhu Di, the Prince of Yan, seized the throne from his nephew, the Jianwen Emperor, after a three-year civil war. He became the Yongle Emperor and is noted for his ambitious projects and military campaigns. -
Under the orders of the Yongle Emperor, Admiral Zheng He led seven maritime expeditions, reaching as far as East Africa. These voyages expanded Chinese influence and demonstrated the Ming Dynasty's naval capabilities. -
The Yongle Emperor moved the capital from Nanjing to Beijing, where he constructed the Forbidden City. This move solidified Beijing's status as the political center of China. -
The Ming army suffered a monumental defeat at the hands of the Oirat Mongols led by Esen Taishi. Emperor Zhengtong was captured, leading to a significant crisis and eventually to his temporary abdication. -
Commissioned by the Yongle Emperor but published much later, this massive compilation of Chinese knowledge was the largest encyclopedia of its time, reflecting the Ming Dynasty’s scholarly and cultural achievements. -
The Zhengde Emperor ascended the throne, known for his unorthodox behavior and neglect of official duties. His reign highlighted issues of corruption and inefficiency within the Ming court, setting the stage for later reforms. -
The Ming court granted the Portuguese the right to establish a trading post at Macau. This marked the beginning of significant European influence and trade in China. -
The Ming Dynasty intervened in Korea to repel Japanese invasions under Toyotomi Hideyoshi. This conflict showcased the military prowess and strategic importance of the Ming Dynasty in East Asian geopolitics.