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Period: to
Galileo Galilei
Facts:
DOB - 15/02/1564
Major Contribution - Suction Pump
Date of Major Contribution - 1630
Age at Time of Major Contribution - 65-66
Summary:
Galileo Galilei (1564-1642) developed the suction pump. He used air to draw underground water up a column, similar to how a syringe draws water. He was perplexed as to why there was a limit to the height the water could be raised. -
Evangelista Torricelli (con't)
...the column of mercury in the tube (mesured in mmHg) was equal to the atmosphereic pressure acting on the mercury in the pan. -
Period: to
Evangelista Torrcelli
Facts:
DOB - 15/10/1608
Major Contribution - Torricelli Tube (barometer)
Date of Major Contribution - 1643
Age at Time of Major Contribution - 34-35
Summary:
Evangelista Torricelli (1608 - 1647) developed the first barometer. He carried on Galileo's work by determining the limit to the height Galileo's pump could draw water was due to atmospheric pressure. He invented a closed-end tube filled with mercury that in turn,was suspended in a shallow dish filled with liquid mercury. The height of... -
Period: to
Otto von Guericke
Facts:
DOB - 20/11/1602
Major Contribution - First air pump
Date of Major Contribution - 1643-1645
Age at Time of Major Contribution - 40-43
Summary:
Otto von Guericke (1602 - 1686) made a pump that could create a vacuum so strong that a team of 16 horses could not pull two metal hemispheres apart. He reasoned that the hemispheres were held together by the mechanical force of the atmospheric pressure rather than the vacuum. -
Blaise Pascal (con't)
Sometime late the SI unit of pressure, the Pascal, was named after him. -
Period: to
Blaise Pascal
Facts:
DOB - 19/06/1623
Major Contribution - Validated Torricelli's theory
Date of Major Contribution - 1648
Age at Time of Major Contribution - 24-25
Summary:
Blaise Pascal (1623-1662) used Torricelli's "barometer" and travelled up and down a mountain in southern France. He discovered that the pressure of the atmosphere increased as he moved down the mountain. -
Period: to
Christiaan Huygens
Facts:
DOB - 14/04/1629
Major Contribution - manometer
Date of Major Contribution - 1661
Age at Time of Major Contribution - 31-32
Summary:
Christiaan Huygens (1629-1695) developed the manometer to study the elastic forces in gases. -
Period: to
John Dalton
Facts:
DOB - 06/09/1766
Major Contribution - Dalton's Law; partial pressure
Date of Major Contribution - 1801
Age at Time of Major Contribution -34-35
Summary:
John Dalton (1766-1844) stated that in a mixture of gases the total pressure is equal to the sum of the pressure of each gas, as it were in the container alone. The pressure exerted by each gas is called its partial pressure. -
Period: to
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac
Facts:
DOB - 06/12/1778
Major Contribution - Gay-Lussac's Law
Date of Major Contribution - 1808
Age at Time of Major Contribution - 29-30
Summary:
Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac (1778-1850) observed the law of combining volumes. He noticed that, for example, two volumes of hydrogens combined with one volume of oxygen to form two volumes of water. -
Amadeo Avogadro (con't)
... to increased pressure -
Period: to
Amadeo Avogadro
Facts:
DOB - 09/08/1776
Major Contribution - Avogadro's Law
Date of Major Contribution - 1811
Age at Time of Major Contribution - 34-35
Summary:
Amadeo Avogadro (1776-1856) suggested, from Gay-Lussac's experiments conducted three years earlier, that pressure in a container is directly proportional to the number of particles in that container (known as Avogadros's Hypothesis). This can be illustrated by blowing up a balloon, ball or tire: the more air added, the larger the container becomes due..
