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Johannes Kepler: first two laws of planetary motion
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Galileo Galilei: Sidereus Nuncius: telescopic observations
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Robert Hooke: Discovers the Cell
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Nicholas Steno: Proposes that fossils are organic remains embedded in layers of sediment, basis of stratigraphy
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Newton: Mathematical description of gravity
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Benjamin Franklin: Lightning is electrical
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William Herschel announces discovery of Uranus, expanding the known boundaries of the solar system for the first time in modern history
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Antoine Lavoisier: law of conservation of mass, basis for chemistry, and the beginning of modern chemistry
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Charles Darwin and Alfred Wallace: Theory of evolution by natural selection