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North Korea sends an invasion force into South Korea.The south was not well equipped, therefore, it only took the north 3 days to capture Seoul. As a result, the UN created a police force in order to provide support for South Korea's defense.
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American President Truman orders air and naval support for South Korea. And in addition, calls for U.N. intervention and assistance. Thus becoming a vital source of supplies and military support that South Korea will depend on later on throughout the war.
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The Battle of Osan brought-forth the U.S.'s first advance in the war. As Task Force Smith made up of 406 infantrymen and 134 artillerymen, engages and, thus, delays NKPA's advancing units.
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Fifty-seven Army nurses arrive in Busan, South Korea, in order to provide medical support for the war, fought on the U.N.'s side. Therefore, they helped establish a hospital for the wounded. Two days later, twelve nurses moved alongside a MASH (Mobile Army Surgical Hospital) to Taejon. This helped the U.N. and South Korea immensely as they now had reliable and mobile support for medical treatment needed throughout the war in order to progress.
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After the First Battle of Naktong Bulge, the US Army's 2nd Infantry Division was moved in order to act as a defense for the Naktong River line.The division was met with a strong attack by several divisions which crossed the river and struck all along the division's line. The North Koreans were able to advance to Yongsan. By the end of the battle, the majority of the North Korean troops had been killed, captured or deserted. About 1000 American troops were killed or missing and over 500 wounded.
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From months of combat endured by both sides, the area within battlegrounds was reduced to a 5,000 square-mile rectangle concentrated in the southeastern port of Busan. When the North Korean army reaches the Busan Perimeter, it was already weakened severely. Thus, impacting their performance throughout the rest of the war.
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U.S. General Douglas MacArthur loads an invasion force made up of 80,000 marines at Incheon's port. This cut off North Korean troops, as U.N. forces get past the Pusan perimeter.
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After 2 weeks of devastating fighting, Seoul is recaptured by the U.N. forces. MacArthur then ordered troops to continue following the North Korean army across the 38th Parallel.
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U.N. forces were successfully breaching North Korea as they were no approaching the Yalu River. Due to the location of the river, this approach caught China's attention. As a result, under General Peng Dehuai's orders, CPVF troops arrive in North Korea and cause severe losses in U.N. troops. The sudden support of Chinese troops, therefore, sent the U.N. back to the south of Ch'ongch'on River.
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U.N. troop forces captures Pyeonyang, capital of North Korea. This gives them the upper-hand in advancing through the war successfully. As this weakens the North Korean army and their frontier.
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The first all-jet combat in history occurred as the F-80 Shooting Star was the first ever U.S. Jet Fighter to go to war against North Korea, as It shot down a MiG-15 fighter. This brought-froth many more war combats regarding fighter jets and thus encouraged the advance in technology surrounding fighter jets for war. This gave the U.N.'s side more strength, as they now had an advantage over North Korea.
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At the Chosin Reservoir, U.S. marines partake in a fighting retreat to Heungnam. Two Chinese armies were assigned to destroy the 1st Marine Dvision. As a result, although 80,000 Chinese troops were either wounded or killed alongside the CPVF being crippled in military combat for a long period of time during the war, they were successful in pushing back the U.N. out of North Korean territory. Thus diminishing the progress that they had achieved from previous actions during the war.
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As U.N. forces retreat from the 38th Parallel, the North Korean army ceases the opportunity in order to recapture Seoul. This is followed by the Chinese-North Korean army being stopped by U.N. forces, about, 30 miles south of Seoul. A counteroffensive thus began by the end of January.
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Based on the little progress achieved on both sides, the idea of peace started to surface. Thus, talks of peace began to take place within the countries involved. After two years, the countries involved come to an agreement as the war drags on. This eventually impacts the outcome as the war as no one benefitted from it and disagreements/tensions were still prominent amongst the countries.
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As the U.N. recapture Seoul, MacArthur's army advances north of the 38th Parallel. The recapturing of Seoul allowed for U.N. forces to regain stability in the war as they were back in control of South Korea.
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President Truman relieved MacArthur from his duties after he led U.N. troops to North Korea where they got bombarded by the surplus of Chinese troops. Now, with the removal of MacArthur, the U.N. forces were weakened as he was the primary commander throughout the war beforehand. As he was an experienced and dependable strategist. This also stirred anger amongst the public within their thoughts regarding Truman.
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2 commonwealth battalions rejected an entire Chinese division at Kapyong and 4000 men of the British 29th Brigade successfully delay action against nearly 30,000 troops of the Chinese 63rd Army at Imjin River. Around 650 men of the Gloucestershire Regiment engage in a Thermopylae-like stand against more than 10,000 Chinese infantry at Imjin and even though the majority of them were killed/captured, their sacrifice allows UN forces to consolidate their lines around the S.Korean Capital.
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This did not mark an end to the war, however, the war continued on for 2 more years. In October the peace talks relocate to Panmunjom
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American and French troops initiate a battle with the North Koreans and Chinese in the Punchbowl located in South Korea. Consequently, the Americans and French end up winning the battle with over 25,000 Chinese-North Korean troops resulting in fatalities. This further fueled the tension between the countries and did not halt the war.
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The U.N., China, and North Korea created an armistice agreement. Thus, the separation of the Korea peninsula proceeded. This agreement states that a 2.5 mile buffer zone, located in the middle of the peninsula, should be present.
