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Two scientists by the name of Kaluza and Klein discover that electromagnetism can be derived from gravity if there are 4 dimensions. This adds feasibility to the string theory. Kaluza and Kein made this discovery independent of eachother.
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Three particle theorists independently realize that the dual theories developed in 1968 to describe the particle spectrum also describe the quantum mechanics of oscillating strings.
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Dual theories developed in 1968 to describe particle spectrum also describe oscillation of strings
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There need to be equal number of Bosons and Fermions in the non Bosonic versions of string Theory
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A scientist by the name of Goldstone published paper on String quantization. Generated interest in the field.
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Strings with closed loops are a candidate for gravitons, which mediate the force of gravity
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Supersymmetry is added to gravity to form supergravity
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A mathematical relation between bosons and fermions
String theory and supersymmetry yield an excitation spectrum which contains equal number of Bosons and Fermions. The resulting objects are called superstrings. -
Deadly anomalies that threatened to make the theory senseless were discovered to cancel each other when the underlying symmetries in the theory belong two special groups. Finally string theory is accepted by the mainstream physics community as an actual candidate theory uniting quantum mechanics, particle physics and gravity.
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discovery of anomaly cancellation in type I string theory
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The different flavours of superstring theory were found to transform into one another using duality
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M-theory was used to explain a number of previously observed dualities (using which one string theory could be transformed into another). M-Theory requires 11-dimensions and higher dimensional objects called D-branes. M-theory is widely regarded as the theory of everything.
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String theory sheds amazing light on the perplexing subject of black hole quantum mechanics.
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It is a concrete realization of the holographic principle, which has far-reaching implications for black holes, locality and information in physics, as well as the nature of the gravitational interaction.
