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465
Democritus
Democritus created a theory that stated that everything was composed of "atoms" in 465 B.C. and that between atoms, there lies empty space; that atoms are indestructible; have always been, and always will be, in motion; that there are an infinite number of atoms, and kinds of atoms, which differ in shape, and size. -
Period: 465 to
Scientistific Discoveries
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Antoine Lavoisier
Born on August 26, 1743 Antoine Lavoisier was a son of a wealthy Parisian lawyer. Lavoisier got a degree in law to follow in his father's footsteps. However, he was widely interested in studying geology and later in 1768, he got elected into the Academy of Sciences. Lavoisier has contributed greatly to the atomic theory, by creating the Law of Conservation. This law states that matter cannot be made or destroyed. Lavoisier proved this by turning HgO into Hg+O. Lavoisier died on May 8, 1794. -
John Dalton
A study of Dalton's own laboratory notebooks concluded that so far from Dalton being led by his search for an explanation of the law of multiple proportions to the idea that chemical combination consists in the interaction of atoms of definite and characteristic weight, the idea of atoms arose in his mind as a purely physical concept, forced upon him by study of the physical properties of the atmosphere and other gases. -
J.J. Thomas
Thomas was born on December 18, 1856. He lived in Britain and discovered the electrons inside the atom. He discovered this by finding an object inside the atom that was 1,000 times smaller than a proton. Later finding out this was what we call today the electron. To find out this information he used the mass spectrometry technique that identifies the amount and type of chemicals in the sample. Later on he married, Rose Paget, one of his students. He died on August 30, 1940. -
Max Planck
Born on April 23, 1858 in Germany, Max Planck went to the University of Munich and got a doctorate degree. Even though his most of his family died from horrible tragedies, he still found a way to contribute to the atomoic theory. He formed the quantum theory by having the h variable to describe the behavior of particles and the waves on the atomic scale. He won the 1918 Nobel Prize in physics. Max Planck died on October 4, 1947. -
Ernest Rutherford
Born on August 30, 1871 in New Zealand, Ernest Rutherford was the 4th child out of 12. He went to the University of New Zealand and later transfered to Cambridge University, where he became J.J. Thomson's first graduate student. Rutherford contributed to the atomic theory by testing Thomson's "plum pudding" theory with the "gold foil" experiment. This test put all protons in the nucleus and made electrons orbit around it. He won the 1908 Nobel Prize in chemistry and died on October 19, 1937. -
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein was born March 14, 1879 in Wuttemberg, Germany. Einstein is most remembered for developing the theory of relativitiy and discovering the Brownian movement of molecules. Using associated mathematics, Einstein was able to accurately calculate the average distance an immersed visible particle would travel in a given time. Einstein is known for many great contributions to society, and a few small ones; for example; he co-invented a refrigoroator that ran on compressed gas. -
Niels Bohr
Niels was born on October 7, 1885. He lived in Copenhagen. He received a Nobel Prize in Physics for his studies in science in 1922. Bohr proposed the Theory of Hydrogen Atoms. A theory that electrons should move around the nucleus, but only in prescribed orbit. He also showed that a liquid drop could represent an atom's nucleus, and made an atomic model that shows an atom as a small, positive charged nucleus surrounded by electrons. He died on November 18, 1962. -
Erwin Schrodinger
Erwin was born on August 12, 1887 in Vienna, Austrian. He was an atheist, but was interested in Eastern religions and studied into them. He made a model of the atom where it was arranged in concentric circular orbit around the nucleus called the planetary model. He also improved the Borh model making a nucleus surrounded by an electron cloud. What helped him make this was by using mathematical equations. Later on died on January 4, 1961. -
James Chadwick
James Chadwick was born October 20, 1891 in Mancherst, United Kingdom. Chadwick and his two associates, Herbert Becker and Walter Bothe, were the first three to discover the neutron. Basically, the three scientists sent a helium nuclei against beryllium; the result was a strong, penetrating radiation. During WWI, Chadwick helped develop the atomic bomb; he was later knighted by the crown of England, making him Sir James Chadwick. He died July 24, 1974. -
Louis de Brogile
Louis de Brogile was born at Dieppe (Seine Inferieure) on Augest 15, 1892. During World War I, de Brogile was stationed at the Eiffel Tower. At the end of the war, he resumed his studies in general physics. He later theorized the basis for developing the general theory nowadays known by the name of wave mechanics, a theory which has utterly transformed our knowledge of physical phenomena on the atomic scale. Louis de Brogile died March 19, 1987. -
Marie Curie
Marie Curie discovered new elements with her husband, Pierre Curie. She also hypothesized that the radiation was not the outcome of some interaction of molecules but must come from the atom itself. Curie's systematic studies included two uranium minerals, pitchblende and torbernite (also known as chalcolite).She began a systematic search for additional substances that emit radiation, and by 1898 she discovered that the element thorium was also radioactive. -
Werner Heisenberg
Born on December 5, 1901 in Germany, Werner Heisenberg went to the University of Munich to study physics. With the knowledge of physics, he calculated the behavior of electrons and subatomic particles that make up an atom by using quantum mechanics to interpret the behavior. He clarified that outside an atom there is an electron cloud by using this. Even though he was taken prisoner in WWII by American troops, Heisenberg won the 1932 Nobel Prize for physics. He died on February 1, 1976. -
Robert Millikan
Millikan worked on an oil-drop experiment in which he measured the charge on a single electron because the actual charge and mass values were unknown. Therefore, if one of these two values were to be discovered, the other could easily be calculated. he elementary charge is one of the fundamental physical constants and accurate knowledge of its value is of great importance. His experiment measured the force on tiny charged droplets of oil suspended against gravity between two metal electrodes. -
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