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Development of the Atomic Theory
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Discovered the electron
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Proved the existence of the proton
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Introduced the name of photons
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Discovered the neutron
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Discovery of muon (along with Seth Neddermeyer)
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Discovery of Nuclear Fission
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Discovery of Nuclear Fusion
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Proved the existence of nuclear fusion with experiments
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Discovered neutrinos
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Discovered CP violation (along with Val Fitch)
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Introduced the baryon
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Introduced quarks (along with George Zweig)