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Developed cranioscopy, the measurement of the skull to determine psychological characteristics.
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German chemist Valentin Ross developed a method of detecting arsenic in a victim's stomach, thus advancing the investigation of poison deaths.
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One of the earliest advocates of humane treatment for the mentally ill.
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Clothing and shoes of a farm laborer were examined and found to match evidence of a nearby murder scene, where a young woman was found drowned in a shallow pool.
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James Marsh, an English chemist, uses chemical processes to determine arsenic as the cause of death in a murder trial.
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Published The Plea of Insanity in Criminal Cases, helping establish the plea of insanity in criminal cases in Britain.
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San Francisco became the first city to do photo identification for criminals.