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Order of the events
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Benito Mussolini's Rule
On 23 March 1919, Mussolini reformed the Milan fascio as the Fasci Italiani di Combattimento (Italian Combat Squad), consisting of 200 members. Importance: Even though the National Fascist Party was outlawed by the postwar Constitution of Italy, a number of successor neo-fascist parties emerged to carry on its legacy. -
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Washington Naval Conference
This was a military conference called by President Warren G. Harding and held in Washington from 12 November 1921 to 6 February 1922. Conducted outside the auspice of the League of Nations. Importance: This put an end to the building of new battleship fleets, and those that were built were limited in size and armament. -
Locarno Treaties
The Locarno Treaties were seven agreements negotiated at Locarno, Switzerland. Importance: These treaties were regarded as the keystone of the improved western European diplomatic climate of 1924-1930, introducing a hope for international peace. -
Kellogg-Briand Pact
This was a international agreement in which signatory states promised not to use war to reslove disputes or conflicts. Importance: This pact erased the legal distinction between war and peace. -
Geneva Convention (1929)
This was a treaty that dealt with the Prisoners of war during World War 2. Importance: -
The Violation of the Treaty of Versailles
Under the government of Adolf Hitler, Germany violated the Treaty of Versailles by introducing compulsory military conscription in Germany and rebuilding the armed forces. Importance: Since Germany's economy was so weak, they started to blame it on the treaty, so they decided to violate some of the rules of the treaty. -
Nazi-Soviet Non-Agression Pact
Shortly before WW2 broke out in Europe-enemies in Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union surprised the world by signing the German-Soviet Nonagression Pact. Importance: Hitler wanted to make sure Germany was able to invade Poland unopposed. This pact also contained a secret agreement about how the Soviets and the Germans would later divide up Eastern Europe. -
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Japanese Internment
This was the forced relocation and incarceration during WW2 of between 110,000 and 120,000 people of Japanese ancestry who lived on the Pacific coast. Importance: Several significant legal decisions arose out of Japanese-American internment, relating to the powers of the government to detain citizens in wartime. -
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The Battle of El Alamein
The First Battle of El Alamein was a battle of the Western Desert Campaign of the Second World War, fought on the northern coast of Egypt between Axis forces of the Panzer Army Africa. Importance: The battle had ended with a stalemate, but it halted the Axis advance on Alexandria. -
Operation Torch
Operation Torch was the British-American invasion of French North Africa during the North African Campaign of the Second World War. Importance: French forces in North Africa had to cease resistance to the Allies an cooperate instead. The French North African government gradually became active in the Allied war effort. -
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Tunisia Campaign
This was a series of battles that took place in Tunisia during the North African Campaign between the Axis powers and the Allied powers. Importance: This allowed the Allied Powers to gain control over North Africa and this also marked the end of the North African Campaign. -
Italy Surrenders
This was the day that Mussolini was desposed from power and this also marked the day of the collaspe of the Fascist government. Importance: This allowed the Allies to land in Southern Italy and begin beating the Germans back up the peninsula. -
Appointment of Dwight Eisenhower as Supreme Allied Commander
When Eisenhower arrived in London, he took command of the U.S. forces in Europe. Since his knowledge of military strategy and talent for the organization was such, the Army Chief chose him over 400 senior officers to lead U.S. forces in the war against Germany. Importance: He was able to successfully launch against Nazi-occupied Europe on June 6, 1944. On May 7, 1945, Germnay surrendered. By this time, Eisenhower was a five-star general. -
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Dumbarton Oaks Conference
This was an international conference at which the United Nations was formulated and negotiated among international leaders. Importance: The purposes of the international organization were to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to achieve international co-operation, and to afford a center for harmonizing the actions of nations. -
U.S. use of Island-Hopping in the Pacific
Island-Hopping is the phrase given to the strategy employed by the Unites States to gain military bases and secure the many small islands in the Pacific. Importance: This allowed the United States to gain control over sufficient islands in the Pacific to get close enough to Japan to launch a mainland invasion. -
Marshall Plan
The Marshall Plan was the American initiative to aid Europe and Asia, in which the United States gave $13 billion in economic support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II. Importance: The Marshall Plan aid allowed the nations of Western Europe to relax austerity measures and rationing, reducing discontent and bringing political stability. The communist influence on Western Europe was greatly reduced.