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Georges Lemaître theorized that the universe began from a single primordial atom.
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Edwin Hubble discovers other galaxies outside the Milky Way.
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Edwin Hubble discovers that other galaxies are speeding away from ours, in all directions, at great speed.
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Allan Sandaidge and Thomas Matthews find sources of intense radio energy and called them "Quasars."
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Maarten Schmidt discovers that the sources (Quasars) lie at the edge of the visible universe. Recently, astronomers realized they are gigantic black holes at the centers of young galaxies into which matter is heated to high temperatures and glows brightly as it rushes in.
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Three British astrophysicists, Steven Hawking, George Ellis, and Roger Penrose, study the notions of time. They published papers in which they extended Einstein's Theory of General Relativity to include measurments of time and space. According to their calculations, time/space had a finite beginning that corresponded to the origin of matter and energy.
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Guth was a particle scientist who combined scalar field matter equations with Einstein's equations describing the expansion of the universe and developed a theory in which large amounts of matter and energy were created from nothing. After matter and energy were created, the universe experienced an accelerated expansion, becoming exponentially large before continuing its evolution according to the big bang model.
